C. Tomasi – Atmospheric Aerosols (2017)

Автор: C. Tomasi
Название книги: Atmospheric Aerosols
Формат: PDF
Жанр: Атмосферные аэрозоли
Страницы: 701
Качество: Изначально компьютерное, E-book

The book describes the morphological, physical and chemical properties of aerosols from various natural and anthropogenic sources to help the reader better understand the direct role of aerosol particles in scattering and absorbing short- and long-wave radiation.

Atmospheric aerosol, also commonly called airborne particulate matter (PM), is
a subject of extensive research that, since the beginning of the 1980s, has received
increased attention from the atmospheric science community. This is in part
due to the enormous advances in measurement technologies from that period,
which have allowed for an increasingly accurate understanding of the chemical
composition and of the physical properties of atmospheric aerosol and its life
cycle in the atmosphere.
The growing scientific interest in atmospheric aerosol is also due to its high
importance for environmental policy. In fact, PM constitutes one of the most
challenging problems both for air quality and for climate change policies.
Atmospheric aerosol affects air quality and, in turn, human and ecosystem
well-being and also have an important role in the Earth’s climate system. Understanding
of aerosol nucleation, emission, deposition, transport, and life cycle
is probably the most pressing issue in air quality regulation worldwide, and at
the same time it represents one of the biggest sources of uncertainty in current
climate simulations.
This book, which collects contributions from an international teamof scientists
with different backgrounds, is aimed at providing an overall interdisciplinary
picture of the aerosol lifecycle, from nucleation and emission to atmospheric
processing. Also, the measurement techniques and the aerosol environmental
effects are discussed.
The first chapter of the book provides an overview of the main sources of
atmospheric aerosol, both primary and secondary and of natural and anthropogenic
origin.
Chapters 2 and 3 describe the atmospheric processing and removal of aerosol:
new particle formation, coagulation and condensation processes, wet and dry
deposition, and aerosol–cloud interaction.
Chapter 4 provides an overview of the chemical climatology of atmospheric
aerosol and of some emerging issues in aerosol science such as the nature and
processes of organic aerosol and the chemical properties of aerosol affecting their
cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) ability.
Chapter 5 introduces the basic elements of aerosol optics which are needed for
the understanding of aerosol radiation transfer modelling (Chapter 6) and the remote sensing of atmospheric aerosol both from ground-based measurements
and from airborne and space platforms (Chapter 7). This latter chapter also provides
useful examples of international aerosol remote sensing experiments carried
out in different regions of the world.
Chapter 8 addresses the role of aerosol on climate, both in terms of direct (i.e.,
radiation scattering and absorption properties of aerosol particles) and indirect
(i.e., the effect of aerosol on cloud structure and radiative properties acting asCCN
and IN) effects.
Chapter 9 examines the effects of aerosol on air quality and the interactions
between air quality and climate, the retrieval of aerosol data from satellite measurements,
and a characterization of mass concentration and optical properties of
desert dust in different areas of the Earth.
Chapter 10 then describes the effects of PM on human health, both in terms of
epidemiology and toxicology, the quantification of human exposure to particulate
pollutants, and the mechanisms and effects of the interaction between PM and
the human body.
Thelast chapter addresses an aspect rarely discussed in books of aerosol science,
that is, the effects of aerosols that cause damage to heritagematerials, both indoor
and outdoor: monumental complexes, archaeological sites, and heritage objects.
The chapter describes the monitoring of the damages; the physical, chemical, and
biological mechanisms of interaction between atmospheric aerosols and cultural
heritage material; and the guidelines for the conservation of cultural heritage.
We wish to thank all colleagues who have contributed to the book and have
provided such a wide and interdisciplinary overview on atmospheric aerosol: their
origin, processing in the atmosphere, measurement techniques, and environmental
effects.We alsowishtothankProf.TeruyukiNakajima for having kindly agreed
to write the foreword to this book.