G. Gebhart – Encyclopedia of Pain (2nd edition)

Автор: G. Gebhart
Название книги: Encyclopedia of Pain (2nd edition)
Формат: PDF
Жанр: Медицина
Страницы: 4411
Качество: Изначально компьютерное, E-book

The Encyclopedia of Pain includes more than 3,000 entries and provides clear, detailed and up-to-date coverage of the current state of research, and treatment of pain. In addition, detailed essays provide in-depth information on all aspects of nociception and pain, including substrates, causes, pathophysiology, symptoms and signs, diagnoses and treatment. A thousand color figures enhance understanding of this too-little-understood topic. The book is available in print, in online only form, or in a print-online bundle.

As was pointed out in the Preface to the first edition, pain is the principal
reason individuals seek medical and dental attention. Fortunately, acute tissue
insults associated with pain – and typically inflammation – readily resolve
with appropriate treatment and care. Chronic pain states, in contrast, are
notoriously difficult to manage and are commonly associated with
comorbidities (e.g., depression, cross-organ sensitization) and reduced quality
of life. Indeed, chronic pain has come to be considered by some as
a disease in its own right. This edition of the Encyclopedia of Pain updates
the content of the 1st edition and introduces new topics consistent with
advances in our knowledge of underlying mechanisms of pain. Thus, new
content on channelopathies, expanded and updated material on the role of glia
and immune-competent cell interactions with nociceptive neurons, and
advances in imaging and changes in brain structure in chronic pain states
are included in this edition.
The cardinal objective of research on pain is the translation of knowledge
between the laboratory and the clinic. The present prevailing refrain is “bench
to bedside,” but in fact many ideas for research in pain derive from clinical
observations and the absence of knowledge to explain clinical pain states.
In the recent past, basic and clinical science research has seen the application
of imaging techniques to visualize areas of the brain that are involved in both
the sensory and affective aspects of pain, cloning of pain-related channels
and receptors, and the application of elegant genetic manipulations that
selectively “label” functionally distinct dorsal root ganglion sensory and
spinal neurons, two-photon imaging, and optogenetic approaches.
Accordingly, much is new in this second edition of the Encyclopedia of
Pain. The number of authors who have contributed to this edition is close to
800. In addition to a print edition, the publisher, Springer-Verlag, will
produce an electronic version that will make comprehensive searches easy
to manage. The electronic version, to be made available on the online
publishing platform SpringerReference, can be updated regularly to ensure
that the content remains current.

Gerald F. Gebhart received his PhD from The University of Iowa at Iowa
City, Iowa, USA, after which he completed a 2-year fellowship at the
Universite´ de Montre´al, Montre´al, Canada, under the direction of Herbert
H. Jasper. He began his academic career in the Department of Pharmacology
at The University of Iowa in 1973, where he developed a productive research
program and led a Pain Interest Group. His career includes a sabbatical year in
Heidelberg, Germany (1981–1982), and leadership as head of the Department
of Pharmacology from 1996 to 2006. In 2006, Dr. Gebhart was named
director of the Center for Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, the
University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Dr. Gebhart has
served the pain community throughout his career. He was elected to the Board
of Directors of the American Pain Society (1991–1994) and subsequently
elected president of the APS (1997). In 2000, he became the founding editor
of The Journal of Pain, the official journal of the APS, serving as editor-inchief
until 2010. Dr. Gebhart also served on the Council and later as
president-elect, president, and past president of the International Association
for the Study of Pain (2005–2012).
Dr. Gebhart is best known for his research contributions in descending
modulation of pain and mechanisms of visceral pain, and was designated in
2004 by Thomson ISI as a Highly Cited Researcher (Neuroscience). His scientific
contributions have been recognized with several awards, including a 5-year
Bristol Myers-Squibb Award for Excellence in Pain Research (1989–1994),
a 10-year MERIT Award from the National Institutes of Health (1993–2003), the FrederickW.L. Kerr Award from the American Pain Society (1994), the
Purdue Pharma Prize for Pain Research (2004), the Janssen Award in
Gastroenterology (2005), the Founders Award from the American Academy
of Pain Medicine (2006), and the Patrick D. Wall Award from the British
Pain Society (2012).

Robert F. Schmidt studied medicine at Heidelberg University (Germany).
He graduated in 1959 and was promoted to Dr.med. in the same year. After
residencies in clinical disciplines, Dr. Schmidt went to the John Curtin School
of Medical Research of the Australian National University in Canberra, ACT,
where he worked under the head of the Department of Neurophysiology,
Sir John C. Eccles. He received his Ph.D. in 1963, the same year Sir John was
awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine.
Returning to Heidelberg Medical School, Dr. Schmidt continued his
academic career. He completed his habilitation in 1964, becoming a tenured
lecturer (Wissenschaftlicher Rat) in 1966 and an associate professor in 1970.
After an 8-month sabbatical with Sir John at the State University of
New York, Dr. Schmidt became professor and director of the Department
of Physiology at the University of Kiel, Germany. In 1982, he moved to the
University of Wu¨rzburg to take the same position in the Department of
Physiology. In 2000, Dr. Schmidt became professor emeritus at this
department.
The research work of Dr. Schmidt and his associates in both Kiel and
Wu¨rzburg focused on the neurophysiology of fine sensory afferents and their
connections and functions in the spinal cord. In Wu¨rzburg, he concentrated
on the processes leading to the changes in response characteristics of nociceptive
afferents (i.e., peripheral sensitization) during inflammation of joints,
discovering in the process silent nociceptors, which have subsequently
been described in all vertebrates studied, including humans. In addition,
Dr. Schmidt has edited, coedited, authored, and coauthored numerous
textbooks and monographs, most of them having several editions and
translations. In recognition of his research contributions, Dr. Schmidt received many
prizes, awards, and honors, including a D.Sc. honoris causa from the University
of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, and an Honorary Professorship
from the University of Tu¨bingen, Germany. He was elected to membership in
the Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz, Germany.
Dr. Schmidt is an Honorary Member of the Colombian Association for the
Study of Pain, the Japan Physiological Society, the German Society for the
Study of Pain, the German Pain Association, the International Association for
the Study of Pain (IASP), and the German Physiological Society (in which he
served as president in 1979). In 2000, he was awarded the Bundesverdienstkreuz
1st Class (Order of Merit of the German Federal Republic).