M. Todaro – Economic Development (12th edition)

Автор: M. Todaro
Название книги: Economic Development (12th edition)
Формат: PDF
Жанр: Экономические дисциплины
Страницы: 891
Качество: Изначально компьютерное, E-book

For courses on economic development Accessible theory, relevant policy issues, and the latest data and research, in the context of a thorough introduction to the developing world. Economic Development, – the leading textbook in this field – provides students with a complete and balanced introduction to the requisite theory, driving policy issues, and latest research. Todaro and Smith take a policy-oriented approach, presenting economic theory in the context of critical policy debates and country-specific case studies, to see how theory relates to the problems and prospects of developing countries. New to this edition * Findings Boxes – new intuitive introductions to important recent research * Global Crisis – up-to-date challenges and opportunities for developing countries * Policy Analysis and case studies – review great progress in many developing countries, plus big challenges such as violent conflict and climate change; insights from comparative case studies such as Costa Rica, Guatemala and Honduras.

Economic Development, Twelfth Edition, presents the latest thinking in economic
development with the clear and comprehensive approach that has been
so well received in both the developed and developing worlds.
The pace and scope of economic development continues its rapid, uneven,
and sometimes unexpected evolution. This text explains the unprecedented
progress that has been made in many parts of the developing world but fully
confronts the enormous problems and challenges that remain to be addressed in
the years ahead. The text shows the wide diversity across the developing world
and the differing positions in the global economy that are held by developing
countries. The principles of development economics are key to understanding
how we got to where we are, how great progress has been made in recent years,
and why many development problems remain so difficult to solve. The principles
of development economics are also key to the design of successful economic
development policy and programs as we look ahead.
The field of economic development is versatile and has much to contribute regarding
these differing scenarios. Thus, the text also underlines common features
that are exhibited by a majority of developing nations, using the insights of the
study of economic development. The few countries that have essentially completed
the transformation to become developed economies, such as South Korea,
are also examined as potential models for other developing countries to follow.
Both theory and empirical analysis in development economics have made
major strides, and the Twelfth Edition brings these ideas and findings to students.
Legitimate controversies are actively debated in development economics,
and so the text presents contending theories and interpretations of evidence,
with three goals. The first goal is to ensure that students understand
real conditions and institutions across the developing world. The second is to
help students develop analytic skills while broadening their perspectives of the
wide scope of the field. The third is to provide students with the resources to
draw independent conclusions as they confront development problems, their
sometimes ambiguous evidence, and real-life development policy choices—ultimately,
to play an informed role in the struggle for economic development
and ending extreme poverty.
New to This Edition
• Global crisis. This edition includes a major update and expansion of the
new section on the impacts and potential longer-term implications of
the recent global financial crisis on economic development, examining
conditions that caused the crisis, its aftermath, and possible broader implications
and large differences across developing nations and regions.
• Prologue in Chapter 1. Chapter 1 is launched with a new introductory section
that describes for students how much has changed over the past two
decades in a majority of countries in the developing world and in greater
autonomy and nascent leadership of some developing countries in international
economic and political relationships. The chapter compares conditions
today to those prevailing in 1992—a pivotal period in a number of
ways, which is also close to the time when many students were born.
• Violent conflict. The Eleventh Edition provided an entirely new major section
on the causes and consequences of violent conflict, postconflict recovery
and development, and prevention of conflict through an improved
understanding
of its major causes; the Twelfth Edition more fully develops
and extends this section, incorporating recent developments.
• Findings Boxes. The Eleventh Edition also introduced a new textbook feature
of Findings boxes, reporting on empirical research results in the field
that are wide-ranging in both methods and topics. New Findings boxes address
such topics as long-lasting impacts of colonial institutions (Peru); how
coordination and monitoring by villagers leads to better health outcomes
(Uganda); how social norms facilitated or constrained changing patterns of
fertility (Bangladesh); and comparative impacts of conditional versus unconditional
cash transfers to the poor (Malawi). Other boxes examine
global
findings such as unmet contraceptives demand across countries. The number
of Findings boxes has been approximately doubled for the Twelfth Edition.
The Findings boxes also illustrate empirical methods for students—in
an intuitive introductory manner—such as the use of instruments; randomized
control trials; regression discontinuity; and fixed effects; as well as the
painstaking design, implementation, and robust analysis of survey data;
growth diagnostics; and systematically applied qualitative research. The
Findings boxes in this edition are listed on pages xvii-xviii.
• Policy Boxes. Other boxes address policy issues. New policy boxes examine
such topics as the efforts of Niger—one of the world’s poorest countries—
to adapt to the climate change already impacting the country and to build
resilience against unknown future climate change; and what we learned
from the 2011–2012 famine in the Horn of Africa. Other new policy boxes
address global findings, such as the extent of contraception use and the
extent of still-unmet demand for contraceptives in developing countries;
and the UN’s new unexpectedly increased population projections through
this century. Policy boxes in this edition are listed on pages xvii-xviii.
• New, full-length, three-way comparative case study of Costa Rica, Guatemala,
and Honduras. The full-length, end-of-chapter comparative case
studies have long been one of the most popular features of the text. For
this edition, an entirely new three-way comparative case study of Costa
Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras is introduced at the end of Chapter 14,
which addresses topics of conflict, foreign investment, remittances, and
foreign aid; the study also addresses the themes of very long-term comparative
development addressed in some of the existing and updated case
studies, such as those comparing Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire; Pakistan and
Bangladesh; and Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Each of the comparative
cases also has a special theme, such as human development, poverty,
environment,
and structural transformation.
• New topics. Other new topics briefly introduced in this edition include short
sections on the new firm-level international trade research and the developing
countries; the emergence of “Sustainable Development Goals” as successors
to the MDGs; corporate social responsibility; and food price trends.
• New measures. Measurement is an ever-present issue in the field of economic
development. The United Nations Development Program released
its Multidimensional Poverty Index in August 2010 and its New Human
Development Index in November 2010. The text examines the index formulas,
explains how they differ from earlier indexes, reports on findings,
and reviews issues surrounding the active debate on these measures. Each
has been updated since its initial release, as covered in the Twelfth Edition.
Note: From surveys we know many instructors are still using the traditional
Human Development Index (HDI), which is reasonable, since it permeates
a majority of the literature on the subject. So, we have maintained
a very substantial and detailed section on the traditional HDI, which now
appears in a new Appendix 2.1 in Chapter 2; it includes a number of country
applications and extensions, as in previous editions. You can teach either
or both of the indexes, without losing the thread in later chapters.
• Updated statistics. Change continues to be very rapid in the developing
world. Throughout the text, data and statistics have been updated to reflect
the most recent available information at the time of revision, typically
2011 or 2012, and sometimes 2013.
• Additional updates. Other updates include a further expansion of the section
on microfinance, including new designs, potential benefits, successes
to date, and some limitations; further expanded coverage of China; and
expanded coverage and analysis of the growing environmental problems
facing developing countries.