Mahmood S. Mozaffari – New Strategies to Advance PreDiabetes Care

Автор: Mahmood S. Mozaffari
Название книги: New Strategies to Advance PreDiabetes Care
Формат: PDF
Тема: Диабет
Страницы: 548
Качество: Изначально компьютерное, E-book

This book is intended to provide up-to-date and emerging information in the field of diabetes mellitus with a focus on preventive, predictive and personalized medicine.

The writings of earliest civilizations reveal that diabetes has af fl icted man for a very long time. The fi rst known clinical description of the disease is attributed to the Roman encylopaedist, Aulus Cornelius Celsus (ca 25 BC–ca 50), although the more accurate description and the introduction of the term, “ diabetes ”, are attributed to Aretaeus, a celebrated ancient Greek physician (second century AD). Despite the early recognition of the disease, recommended treatment options (e.g., dietary modifications) of ancient times were not conducive to improved quality of life. Interestingly, however, the suggestion to those afflicted with the disease to exercise is discernible from the writings of Avicenna, a Persian polymath (960–1037 AD). Centuries later, Thomas Willis (1621–1675) of England noted the sweet taste of
urine of those affected by the disease which prompted physicians of the time to rely
on this feature as a diagnostic sign of the disease. This was followed by important
observations of Mathew Dobson (1766) who identi fi ed sugar as the culprit for the
sweet taste of urine and also noted the presence of excess sugar in the blood. These
observations strengthened the rationale for dietary recommendations. Indeed,
Apollinaire Bouchardat (1809–1866) recognized that fasting reduces urinary glucose
excretion, an observation which led him to advocate dietary approach and restriction
of calories for management of diabetes. Importantly, he speculated that the cause of
diabetes related to the pancreas which proved to be true when Banting and Bess isolated
insulin from the pancreas (1921) thereby revolutionizing the fi eld of diabetes.