N. Nanda – Comprehensive Textbook of Echocardiography

Автор: N. Nanda
Название книги: Comprehensive Textbook of Echocardiography
Формат: PDF
Жанр: Медицина
Страницы: 2129
Качество: Изначально компьютерное, E-book

This two volume textbook is a practical guide to echocardiography for trainees. Divided into seven sections, the book begins with an introduction to the history and basics of echocardiography. The second section explains how to perform different types of echocardiograph. Each of the following sections examines echocardiography and its interpretation for various groups of heart diseases, whilst the final section describes the use of the technique for more general non-invasive procedures, including in systemic diseases, in life threatening conditions and for geriatric patients. Edited by internationally-recognised Dr Navin Nanda from the University of Alabama at Birmingham, US, this comprehensive manual includes more than 1150 echocardiographic images and illustrations.

Monumental strides have occurred in the evolution of echocardiography since its first introduction in the 1950s.
It began with A-mode and M-mode echocardiography which progressed to real time two-dimensional echocardiography
in the 1970s after a hiatus of several years. This development completely revolutionized the field of noninvasive cardiac
imaging; and within a few years of its introduction, there were hardly any cardiology divisions in any hospital anywhere in
the world which did not own an ultrasound machine. The next few years saw the development of continuous and pulsed
wave Doppler and color Doppler flow imaging which provided assessment of cardiac hemodynamics to supplement
the structural information obtained using two-dimensional echocardiography. Other advances rapidly followed
or occurred concurrently. These included stress echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography, contrast
echocardiography and tissue Doppler and velocity vector imaging. More recently, further innovations were introduced
such as live/real time three-dimensional echocardiography and both two-and three-dimensional speckle tracking
echocardiography which have obviated some of the limitations of the previous techniques and have further enhanced
the clinical usefulness of echocardiography. To this day, echocardiography represents the most useful and most costeffective
noninvasive modality available for the assessment of various cardiac disease entities. The development of
allied noninvasive technologies like magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography has further added to
the information provided by echocardiography and are useful and important additions to the armamentarium of the
cardiologists and other patient care providers in the comprehensive assessment and management of cardiac disease.
The aim of the current book is to provide an overview of the subject of clinical echocardiography as it is practiced
to-day. Given the many advances that have not only been recently introduced but are also ongoing in this field it would
be very difficult for anyone to realistically come up with a comprehensive book on echocardiography but an attempt has
been made to cover as many topics as possible in this book. In addition, the supplementary information provided by
magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography is also included in this book.
The book consists of a total of 85 chapters organized into seven sections. The first section deals with the basics of
ultrasound, Doppler, speckle tracking, three-dimensional echocardiography and instrumentation. A short history
of echocardiography and Doppler are also included in this section. The second section consists of various aspects
of echocardiography and ultrasound examination. M-mode and two- and three-dimensional transthoracic and
transesophageal examination, nonstandard planes, various aspects of Doppler assessment including tissue Doppler,
velocity vector and speckle tracking imaging, assessment of endothelial function, contrast echocardiography for
evaluation of left ventricular endocardial border opacification and myocardial perfusion, transpharyngeal echo,
epiaortic echocardiography and both intracardiac and intravascular ultrasound are dealt with in this section. In
addition, examination with a small hand-held ultrasound system, peripheral ultrasound, echocardiographic artifacts,
quantification techniques in echocardiography and echocardiography training form a part of this section. Valvular heart
disease is covered in the next section. It deals with evaluation of mitral valve disease, mitral regurgitation, aortic stenosis
including assessment of low gradient stenosis with preserved left ventricular function, aortic regurgitation, aortic disease,
tricuspid and pulmonary valves, pulmonary hypertension, infective endocarditis and prosthetic valves. Rheumatic heart
disease is also included in this section. Section 4 deals with two- and three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment
of systolic and diastolic function of both left and right ventricles. Newer aspects of structure and function to assess cardiac
motion, evaluation of left atrial function, ventricular assist devices, pacemakers and intracardiac defibrillators and use
of echocardiography for the assessment of cardiac hemodynamics and guidance of therapy are also included in this
section. The next section contains chapters covering ischemic heart disease, coronary arteries and coronary flow reserve, different aspects of stress echocardiography including three-dimensional stress echocardiography, obstructive and
non-obstructive cardiomyopathies, differentiation of ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy, pericardial disorders
and tumors and masses. Section 6 deals with congenital heart disease and consists of chapters on fetal cardiac imaging,
M-mode and two- and three-dimensional assessment of pediatric congenital heart disease, ventricular function, adult
congenital heart disease and acquired heart diseases in childhood. The final section in the book, Section 7, covers
systemic diseases, life-threatening conditions, echocardiography in women and the elderly, echocardiography for the
electrophysiologist and lung ultrasound. A separate chapter assesses the future of echocardiography and ultrasound.
Lastly, two chapters cover the allied techniques of magnetic resonance imaging and cardiac computed tomographic
imaging.