P. Rimensberger – Pediatric and Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation (2015)

Описание

Part I Basics of Respiratory Physiology and Mechanics
in the Neonate and the Growing Child
1 Development of the Respiratory System
(Including the Preterm Infant) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 The Neonatal Neuromechanical Unit: Generalities
of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3 Basics of Gas Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4 The Respiratory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Part II Basics of Respiratory Support and Mechanical
Ventilation
5 Neonatal Intubation (Specifi c Considerations) . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
6 Oxygen Supplementation, Delivery,
and Physiologic Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
7 Nasal CPAP: An Evidence-Based Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
8 Mechanical Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
9 Airway Humidifi cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
10 Specifi c Equipment Required for Home Mechanical
Ventilation in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Part III Respiratory Mechanics in the Mechanically
Ventilated Patient
11 Respiratory Mechanics in the Mechanically
Ventilated Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Part IV Respiratory Monitoring in the Mechanically
Ventilated Patient
12 Classical Respiratory Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
13 Monitoring of the Mechanical Behaviour of the Respiratory
System During Controlled Mechanical Ventilation . . . . . . . . 421
14 Monitoring Lung Volumes During
Mechanical Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
15 Monitoring Interactions Between Spontaneous Respiration
and Mechanical Infl ations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
16 Basic and Practically Useful Respiratory Monitoring
of a Mechanically Ventilated Patient
in Resource-Limited Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Part V Indications for Respiratory Support
17 Indications for Noninvasive Respiratory Support . . . . . . . . . 503
18 Indications for Invasive Conventional Mechanical
Ventilation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
19 Indications for Nonconventional Ventilation Modes. . . . . . . . 559
20 Respiratory Support in Developing Countries
Where Resources Are Limited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
Part VI Clinical Use of Conventional Modes
of Ventilator Support
21 Respirator Cycle Control Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
Part VII Clinical Use of Nonconventional Modes
of Ventilator Support
22 Clinical Use of Nonconventional Modes
of Ventilator Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
Part VIII General Management of the Ventilator- Supported
Patient
23 The Prone Position in Acute Lung Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
24 Respiratory Physiotherapy and Endotracheal Suctioning
During Mechanical Ventilation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687
25 Fluid Management in the Ventilated Patient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
Part IX Permissive Hypercapnia
26 Permissive Hypercapnia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727
27 Permissive Hypercapnia in Neonates: Specifi c Experience
and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743
Part X Adjunctive Therapies in Mechanically Ventilated
Children and Neonates
28 Surfactant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
29 Selective Pulmonary Vasodilators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809
30 Drug Nebulization During Mechanical Ventilation . . . . . . . . 837
31 Use of Potent Inhalational Anesthetic Agents
During Mechanical Ventilation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863
32 Rational Use of Adjunctive Therapies: Effi cacy
and Effi ciency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887
Part XI Complications of Mechanical Ventilation
33 Ventilator-Associated Lung Injury. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917
34 Gross Air Leaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947
35 Infectious Complications in Mechanically
Ventilated Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961
36 Post-extubation Stridor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981
Part XII Bronchoscopy in Pediatric and Neonatal
Intensive Care
37 Bronchoscopy in Pediatric and Neonatal
Intensive Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1001
Part XIII Sedation, Antalgesia and Neuromuscular Blockade
During Mechanical Ventilation
38 Sedation, Analgesia and Neuromuscular Blockade
in the Neonatal ICU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1019
39 Sedation, Analgesia and Neuromuscular Blockade
in the Paediatric ICU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031
Part XIV A Practical Approach to Noninvasive
Mechanical Ventilation
40 Noninvasive Respiratory Support in the Neonate. . . . . . . . . . 1063
41 Noninvasive Respiratory Support in the
Paediatric Patient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073
Part XV Practical Evidence-Based and Goal- Directed Approach
to Conventional Mechanical Ventilation
42 Setting the Ventilator in the NICU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101
43 Setting the Ventilator in the PICU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127
44 Approaches to Adverse Patient- Ventilator Interactions. . . . . 1143
Part XVI Practical Goal-Directed Approach to Nonconventional
Mechanical Ventilation
45 High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation in the Neonate . . . . 1161
46 High-Frequency Jet Ventilation (HFJV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1173
Part XVII Mechanical Ventilation in Various
Pulmonary Pathologies
47 Acute Neonatal Respiratory Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1185
48 Chronic Respiratory Failure in Neonates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1267
49 Pediatric Acute Lung Injury. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1279
50 Bronchiolitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1291
51 Pediatric Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1313
52 Diaphragmatic Palsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1325
Part XVIII Cardiopulmonary Interactions in the Mechanically
Ventilated Patient
53 Cardiopulmonary Interactions in the Ventilated Patient. . . . 1333
Part XIX Mechanical Ventilation in Infection, Sepsis
and Organ Failure
54 Mechanical Ventilation in Infection, Sepsis
and Organ Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1369
Part XX Mechanical Ventilation in Neuromuscular Disorders
55 Mechanical Ventilation in Neuromuscular Disorders . . . . . . 1387
Part XXI Specifi c Conditions
56 Tracheostomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1399
Part XXII Weaning from Mechanical Ventilator Support
57 Weaning Children from Mechanical Ventilator Support. . . . 1415
58 Weaning from Mechanical Ventilator Support
in Neonates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1425
Part XXIII Automation of Mechanical Ventilation
59 Explicit Computerized Protocols for Mechanical
Ventilation in Children and Neonates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1435
60 Automated Control of Oxygen in Neonates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1447
61 Automation of Weaning in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1455
62 Automation of ALI/ARDS Ventilation in Children. . . . . . . . . 1467
Part XXIV Long-Term Outcomes After Mechanical Ventilation
63 Long-Term Outcomes After Mechanical Ventilation
in Neonates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1475
64 Long-Term Outcomes After Mechanical Ventilation
in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1489
Part XXV Mechanical Ventilation in the Operating Room
65 Mechanical Ventilation in the Operating Room . . . . . . . . . . . 1503
Part XXVI Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
66 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
in Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1525
Part XXVII Evaluating Mechanical Ventilators for Use
in Neonatal and Pediatric Patients
67 Evaluating Mechanical Ventilators for Use in Neonatal
and Pediatric Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1537
Part XXVIII Organization and Management of Mechanical
Ventilation Worldwide
68 Organization Characteristics in North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . 1565
69 Organization Characteristics in North America. . . . . . . . . . . 1571
70 Organization Characteristics in South America. . . . . . . . . . . 1575
71 Organization Characteristics in Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1583