Geoffrey D. Rubin – CT and MR Angiography. Comprehensive Vascular Assessment

Описание

Part I Imaging Principles
1. Principles of Computed Tomographic Angiography 3
MATHIAS PROKOP
2. Principles of Magnetic Resonance Angiography 52
FRANK R. KOROSEC
3. Conventional Angiography in the Noninvasive Era 87
DANIEL Y. SZE
4. Contrast Medium Administration in Computed Tomographic Angiography 128
DOMINIK FLEISCHMANN
5. Contrast Medium Administration in Magnetic Resonance Angiography 155
JEFFREY H. MAKI, LEE M. MITSUMORI
6. Postprocessing and Data Analysis 188
GEOFFREY D. RUBIN, PIETRO SEDATI, JESSE L. WEI
Part II Essentials of Vascular Disease
7. Atherosclerosis: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology 255
SEUNG UK LEE, JOANNA J. WYKRZYKOWSKA, ROGER J. LAHAM
8. Atherosclerosis: In Vivo Characterization 278
ALEXANDER W. LEBER, VENKATESH MANI, JUAN GILBERTO S. AGUINALDO, ZAHI A. FAYAD
9. Thromboembolism 295
ANDRZEJ SZUBA, IZABELA GOSK-BIERSKA, RICHARD L. HALLETT
10. Vasculitides and Connective Tissue Disorders 329
ANDRZEJ SZUBA, IZABELA GOSK-BIERSKA, RICHARD L. HALLETT
Part III Vascular Anatomy and Pathology
11. Cerebral Arteries and Veins 381
STEPHAN G. WETZEL
12. Cervical Vasculature 449
A. DANIEL SASSON, BRUCE A. WASSERMAN
13. Quantifying Coronary Artery Calcium 482
MICHAEL A. BROOKS, J. JEFFREY CARR
14. Coronary Arteries 495
15. Thoracic Vascular Anomalies 543
MARILYN J. SIEGEL, JAMES P. EARLS
16. Pulmonary Vasculature 596
U. JOSEPH SCHOEPF, JAMES F. M. MEANEY
17. Thoracic Aorta 648
DANIEL NÓ BREGA COSTA, GEOFFREY D. RUBIN, NEIL M. ROFSKY, RICHARD L. HALLETT
18. Abdominal Aorta 719
W. DENNIS FOLEY, F. SCOTT PERELES
19. Mesenteric Vasculature 772
NICOLE M. HINDMAN, CHRISTOPH U. HERBORN, R. BROOKE JEFFREY
20. Renal Vasculature 848
STEFAN O. SCHOENBERG, HENRIK J. MICHAELY, CHRISTOPH R. BECKER
21. Lower Extremities Vasculature 921
TIM LEINER, DOMINIK FLEISCHMANN, NEIL M. ROFSKY
22. Upper Extremities Vasculature 1017
TIM LEINER, JEFFREY C. HELLINGER, NEIL M. ROFSKY
23. Pediatric Techniques and Vascular Anomalies 1118
ORHAN KONEZ, KATHARINE L. HOPKINS, PATRICIA E. BURROWS
24. Venous System 1188
IVAN PEDROSA, ERIC ZEIKUS, DOUGLAS E. GREEN, MARC V. GOSSELIN
Index 1275

Preface

Cardiovascular diseases represent the leading causes of
death in the United States, Europe, and regions of Asia.
Conventional angiography has played a dominant role in the
diagnosis and characterization of these disorders using
high-spatial and temporal resolution for luminal visualization
of the cardiovascular system. However, even as a backbone
for the evaluation of cardiovascular diseases, its fundamental
limitations are noteworthy: each contrast injection
typically provides a single perspective of often complex,
three-dimensional vascular anatomy; there are geometric
constraints that prevent access to many critical imaging perspectives;
there is a restricted sensitivity to low contrast
details in the anatomy; there is no ability to directly visualize
the blood vessel walls and perivascular tissues; and its invasiveness
has a substantial impact on both the patient and the
cost of performing the diagnostic evaluation.
Due to innovations in hardware, software, and image
analysis technology, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic
resonance imaging (MR) angiography are now at the
forefront of clinical cardiovascular imaging. In fact, these
“noninvasive” techniques are replacing conventional
angiography and are poised to serve as a new gold standard
by providing equivalent or, in many cases, superior characterization
of cardiovascular abnormalities. Both CT and
MR are three-dimensional imaging tools that are built from
thin section acquisitions, yielding volumetric data that can
be assessed from innumerable perspectives, both graphical
and quantitative. When combined with the advantages of
eliminating the need for arterial punctures, a compelling
case for the widespread adoption of noninvasive CV imaging
with CT and MR emerges.
The rapid and continuous evolution of these tools for
cardiovascular evaluations has left medical imaging practitioners
in a challenging position. Many physicians with a
deep knowledge of cardiovascular anatomy and disease need
to master the skills in image acquisition and interpretation
required from technologies that are fundamentally different
from the traditional skill set required of conventional
angiographers. Conversely, many sophisticated users of CT
and MR technology may not have the requisite understanding
of cardiovascular anatomy, disease, and treatment
options. Thus, we intend for this book to fill the respective
gaps that now exist and, in so doing, broaden the range of
individuals capable of generating terrific images and delivering
the key information for effective patient management.
Furthermore, referring physicians will be afforded a
resource to understand the capability of these modalities to
provide the information they may be seeking.
We have been fortunate to have recruited top cardiovascular
CT and MR experts to present an integrated
approach to the acquisition and analysis of volumetric cardiovascular
imaging. We have strived for a balanced and
uniform approach supported by ample references. It is our
sincere hope that readers find this work to be a staple of cardiovascular
imaging and one that will be “well worn” from
frequent use in daily practice.