M. Hayat – Tumors of the Central Nervous System (14 Volume set, 2015)

Описание

1. Generally, no test always performs perfectly. Although there is no perfect remedy to this problem, standardized classifications with written definitions and guidelines will help. Standardization of methods to achieve objectivity is imperative in this effort. The validity of a test should be based on the careful, objective interpretation of the tomographic images, photo-micrographs, and other tests. The interpretation of the results should be explicit rather than implicit. To achieve an accurate diagnosis and correct prognosis, the use of molecular criteria and targeted medicine is important. Equally important are the translation of molecular genetics into clinical practice and evidence-based therapy. Translation of medicine from the laboratory to clinical application needs to be carefully expedited. Indeed, molecular medicine has arrived.
Preface
Introduction
M.A. Hayat Introduction
Kikuya Kato Molecular Classification of Gliomas
Biomarkers and Diagnosis
Nicole Simonavicius, Clare M. Isacke and Ivo J. Huijbers Glioblastoma: Endosialin Marker for Pericytes
Kyrre E. Emblem and Atle Bjornerud Glioma Grading Using Cerebral Blood Volume Heterogeneity
Elizandra Braganhol, Andressa Bernardi, Angélica R. Cappellari, Márcia R. Wink and Ana M.O. Battastini The Role of Ectonucleotidases in Glioma Cell Proliferation
Luis F. Callado, Jesús M. Garibi and J. Javier Meana Gliomas: Role of Monoamine Oxidase B in Diagnosis
Ming-Tao Yang, Tur-Fu Huang and Wen-Mei Fu Glioma: Role of Integrin in Pathogenesis and Therapy
Eftychia Z. Kapsalaki, Ioannis Tsougos, Kyriaki Theodorou and Kostas N. Fountas Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Intracranial Gliomas
Oliver Ganslandt and A. Stadlbauer Infiltration Zone in Glioma: Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging
Marta M. Alonso, Juan Fueyo and Candelaria Gomez-Manzano Malignant Gliomas: Role of E2F1 Transcription Factor
Randy L. Jensen and Rati Chkheidze The Role of Glucose Transporter-1 (GLUT-1) in Malignant Gliomas
Olga Martinho and Rui Manuel Reis Malignant Gliomas: Role of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor A (PDGFRA)
Marie E. Beckner and Mary L. Nordberg Molecular Methods for Detection of Tumor Markers in Glioblastomas
Izabela Zawlik, Dorota Jesionek-Kupnicka and Pawel P. Liberski Role of MGMT in Glioblastomas
Yasuo Sugita Glioblastomas: Role of CXCL12 Chemokine
Alexander H. Stegh Cell Death Signaling in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Role of the Bcl2L12 Oncoprotein
Sabrina Facchino, Mohamed Abdouh and Gilbert Bernier Glioblastoma Multiforme: Role of Polycomb Group Proteins
Samuel S. Ng, Ying Li, William K.C. Cheung, Hsiang-Fu Kung and Marie C. Lin Glioblastoma Multiforme: Role of Cell Cycle-Related Kinase Protein (Method)
Neural Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells
P. Dell’Albani, R. Pellitteri, E.M. Tricarichi, S. D’Antoni, A. Berretta and M.V. Catania Markers of Stem Cells in Gliomas
T.M. Fael Al-Mayhani and Colin Watts Efficient Derivation and Propagation of Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells Under Serum-Free Conditions Using the Cambridge Protocol
John R. Ohlfest and Stacy A. Decker Glioma Cell Lines: Role of Cancer Stem Cells
Federica Barbieri, Adriana Bajetto, Alessandra Pattarozzi, Monica Gatti, Roberto Würth, Carola Porcile, Antonio Daga, Roberto E. Favoni, Giorgio Corte and Tullio Florio Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells: Response to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Inhibitors
Therapy
Nader Sanai and Mitchel S. Berger Low- and High-Grade Gliomas: Extensive Surgical Resection
George A. Alexiou and Neofytos Prodromou Brainstem Gangliogliomas: Total Resection and Close Follow-Up
Dagmar Beier and Christoph P. Beier Glioblastoma: Temozolomide-Based Chemotherapy
Ayhan Bilir and Mine Erguven Drug-Resistant Glioma: Treatment with Imatinib Mesylate and Chlorimipramine
Marc-Eric Halatsch and Georg Karpel-Massler Glioblastoma Multiforme: Molecular Basis of Resistance to Erlotinib
Rahima Patel, Leroy Shervington and Amal Shervington Enhanced Glioma Chemosensitivity
Richa Pandey and John F. de Groot Malignant Glioma Patients: Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Monoclonal Antibody, Bevacizumab
Axel H. Schönthal Aggravating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Combined Application of Bortezomib and Celecoxib as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Glioblastoma
Maame Dankwah-Quansah and Antonio M. Omuro Targeted Therapy for Malignant Gliomas
Georg Karpel-Massler and Marc-Eric Halatsch Glioblastomas: HER1/EGFR-Targeted Therapeutics
Nikhil G. Thaker and Ian F. Pollack Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy for Glioblastoma Multiforme
Tetsuo Mashima and Hiroyuki Seimiya Role of Acyl-CoA Synthetases in Glioma Cell Survival and Its Therapeutic Implication
Patrick D. Beauchesne Malignant Glioma Patients: Combined Treatment with Radiation and Fotemustine
Bryan D. Choi, Kevin S. Chen and John H. Sampson Malignant Glioma Immunotherapy: A Peptide Vaccine from Bench to Bedside
Sherise D. Ferguson, Michael J. LaRiviere, Nassir Mansour and Maciej S. Lesniak Malignant Glioma: Chemovirotherapy
Justin Kranzler, Matthew A. Tyler, Ilya V. Ulasov and Maciej S. Lesniak Intracranial Glioma: Delivery of an Oncolytic Adenovirus
Ashwatha Narayana and Jenghwa Chang Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging (MRSI) in the Treatment Planning of Gliomas
Markus D. Siegelin and Yasemin Siegelin Malignant Glioma Cells: Role of Trail-Induced Apoptosis
Prognosis
Oliver Bähr and Joachim P. Steinbach Long-Term Survivors of Glioblastoma
Steffi Urbschat, Silke Wemmert and Ralf Ketter Glioblastoma Patients: p15 Methylation as a Prognostic Factor

2. Preface
M.A. Hayat Introduction
Biomarkers and Diagnosis
Michel Wager, Lucie Karayan-Tapon and Christian-Jacques Larsen Gliomagenesis: Advantages and Limitations of Biomarkers
Lonneke A.M. Gravendeel and Pim J. French Molecular Subtypes of Gliomas
Haruhiko Sugimura, Hidetaka Yamada, Shinji Kageyama, Yasuhiro Yamamura, Naoki Yokota, Hiroki Mori, Moriya Iwaizumi, Kazuya Shinmura, Kiyotaka Kurachi, Toshio Nakamura, Masaru Tsuboi, Masato Maekawa and Tomoaki Kahyo Glioblastoma: Germline Mutation of TP53
Yukihiko Sonoda, Ichiyo Shibahara, Ryuta Saito, Toshihiro Kumabe and Teiji Tominaga Soufiane El Hallani and Ilham Ratbi Familial Gliomas: Role of TP53 Gene The Role of IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations in Malignant Gliomas
Zachary J. Reitman and Hai Yan Malignant Glioma: Isocitrate Dehydrogenases 1 and 2 Mutations
Francisca M. Santandreu, Jordi Oliver, and Pilar Roca Metabolic Differences in Different Regions of Glioma Samples
Giulio Metro and Alessandra Fabi Glioblastoma Patients: Role of Methylated MGMT
Rajan Jain Brain Tumor Angiogenesis and Glioma Grading: Role of Tumor Blood Volume and Permeability Estimates Using Perfusion CT
Zhong-Ping Chen and Yin-Sheng Chen Vasculogenic Mimicry in Glioma
Nobuyuki Kawai, Yoshihiro Nishiyama and Takashi Tamiya Newly Diagnosed Glioma: Diagnosis Using Positron Emission Tomography with Methionine and Fluorothymidine
Sumei Wang, Harish Poptani, Elias R. Melhem and Sungheon Kim Role of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Differentiation of Glioblastomas from Solitary Brain Metastases
Adam N. Mamelak and David Hockaday 131I-TM-601 SPECT imaging of Human Glioma
Habib Zaidi and Srinivasan Senthamizhchelvan Assessment of Biological Target Volume Using Positron Emission Tomography in High-Grade Glioma Patients
Rebecca Senetta and Paola Cassoni Skin Metastases of Glioblastoma
Therapy
Johan Pallud Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas: What Does “Complete Resection” Mean?
Johan Pallud and Emmanuel Mandonnet Quantitative Approach of the Natural Course of Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas
Debraj Mukherjee and Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa Impact of Extent of Resection on Outcomes in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas
Christian Senft Glioma Surgery: Intraoperative Low Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Hugues Duffau Low-Grade Gliomas: Intraoperative Electrical Stimulations
Linda Coate and Warren Mason Malignant Gliomas: Present and Future Therapeutic Drugs
Abhirami Hallock and Lauren VanderSpek Recurrent Malignant Glioma Patients: Treatment with Conformal Radiotherapy and Systemic Therapy
Tetsuya Yamamoto, Kei Nakai and Hiroaki Kumada Glioblastoma: Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
Bozena Kaminska, Magdalena Tyburczy, Konrad Gabrusiewicz and Malgorzata Sielska Glioblastoma: Anti-tumor Action of Cyclosporin A and Functionally Related Drugs
Fable Zustovich and Giuseppe Lombardi Glioblastoma Patients: Chemotherapy with Cisplatin, Temozolomide and Thalidomide
Florence Lefranc and Robert Kiss Glioblastoma: Role of Galectin-1 in Chemoresistance
Atsushi Natsume, Masasuke Ohno, Kanako Yuki, Kazuya Motomura and Toshihiko Wakabayashi Glioma-Initiating Cells: Interferon Treatment
Aleksandra Ellert-Miklaszewska, Iwona Ciechomska and Bozena Kaminska Glioblastoma: Anti-tumor Action of Natural and Synthetic Cannabinoids
Benedikte Hasselbalch, Ulrik Lassen and Hans Skovgaard Poulsen Patients with Recurrent High-Grade Glioma: Therapy with Combination of Bevacizumab and Irinotecan
Timo Liimatainen, Olli Gröhn and Kimmo Lehtimäki Monitoring Gliomas In Vivo Using Diffusion-Weighted MRI During Gene Therapy-Induced Apoptosis
Hilko Ardon, Steven De Vleeschouwer, Frank Van Calenbergh and Stefaan W. Van Gool High-Grade Gliomas: Dendritic Cell Therapy
Thomas Wirth, Haritha Samaranayake and Seppo Ylä-Herttuala Glioblastoma Multiforme: Use of Adenoviral Vectors
David Fortin Fischer/F98 Glioma Model: Methodology
Sophie Javerzat and Martin Hagedorn Cellular and Molecular Characterization of Anti-VEGF and IL-6 Therapy in Experimental Glioma
Florence Laigle-Donadey and Jean-Yves Delattre Adult Brainstem Gliomas: Diagnosis and Treatment
Bo H. Chao and H. Ian Robins The Use of Low Molecular Weight Heparin in the Treatment and Prevention of Thromboembolic Disease in Glioma Patients
Prognosis
Marco Antonio Lima Brainstem Gliomas: An Overview
Anja Smits and Anette Storstein Tumor-Associated Epilepsy in Patients with Glioma
Richard A. Prayson Brain Tumors Arising in the Setting of Chronic Epilepsy
Neil Upadhyay and Adam D. Waldman Low-Grade Gliomas: Role of Relative Cerebral Blood Volume in Malignant Transformation
Dave F. Clarke and Timothy M. George Angiocentric Glioma-Induced Seizures: Lesionectomy

3. Preface
M.A. Hayat Introduction
Juan M. García-Gómez Brain Tumor Classification Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Ruman Rahman and Richard G. Grundy Cellular Immortality in Brain Tumors: An Overview
Tumor to Tumor Passage of Malignancy
Jian-Qiang Lu and Arthur W. Clark Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis: Extracranial TumorMetastatic to Intracranial Tumors
Kazuhiko Ogawa, Shogo Ishiuchi and Sadayuki Murayama Brain Metastases from Breast Cancer: Treatment and Prognosis
Aida Loudyi and Wolfram E. Samlowski Brain Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients
Naveen Sankhyan, Suvasini Sharma and Sheffali Gulati Coexsistence of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor in the Lung and Brain
Jonas M. Sheehan and Akshal S. Patel Breast Cancer and Renal Cell Cancer Metastases to the Brain
Andreas M. Stark Breast Cancer Brain Metastases: Genetic Profiling and Neurosurgical Therapy
Stephanie Sutherland and Stephen Johnston Central Nervous System Tumours in Women Who Received Capecitabine and Lapatinib Therapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer
Biomarkers and Diagnosis
Theri Leica Degaki, Marcos Angelo Almeida Demasi and Mari Cleide Sogayar Functional Role of the Novel NRP/B Tumor Suppressor Gene
Karl-Josef Langen, Matthias Weckesser and Frank Floeth Brain Tumors: Diagnostic Impact of PET Using Radiolabelled Amino Acids
Andre A. le Roux and Abhijit Guha Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: Use of 18FDG-PET/CT
Hanna Järnum, Linda Knutsson and Elna-Marie Larsson Brain Tumors: Evaluation of Perfusion Using 3D-FSE-Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling
Robert Shenkar, Sameer A. Ansari and Issam A. Awad Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Jan Luts, Teresa Laudadio, Albert J. Idema, Arjan W. Simonetti, Arend Heerschap, Dirk Vandermeulen, Johan A.K. Suykens and Sabine Van Huffel Nosologic Imaging of Brain Tumors Using MRI and MRSI
Kosuke Shimizu and Naoto Oku Brain Tumor Diagnosis Using PET with Angiogenic Vessel-Targeting Liposomes
Richard Prayson Frozen Section Evaluation of Central Nervous System Lesions
Richard Hummel, Jessica Maurer and Joerg Haier Clinical Role of MicroRNAs in Different Brain Tumors
Therapy
Mette Linnert, Birgit Agerholm-Larsen, Faisal Mahmood, Helle K. Iversen and Julie Gehl Electrochemotherapy for Primary and Secondary Brain Tumors
Anne-Laure Laine, Emilie Allard, Philippe Menei and Catherine Passirani Brain Tumors: Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Drugs (Method)
Ameer L. Elaimy, Alexander R. MacKay, Wayne T. Lamoreaux, Robert K. Fairbanks, John J. Demakas, Barton S. Cooke, Benjamin J. Arthurs and Christopher M. Lee Brain Metastases: Clinical Outcomes for Stereotactic Radiosurgery (Method)
Ernst Martin and Ferenc A. Jolesz Noninvasive Treatment for Brain Tumors: Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery
Laurent Menard Radioguided Surgery of Brain Tumors
Murielle Mimeault and Surinder K. Batra Implications of Mutant Epidermal Growth Factor Variant III in Brain Tumor Development and Novel Targeted Therapies
Pawel G. Ochalski and Johnathan A. Engh Endoscopic Port Surgery for Intraparenchymal Brain Tumors
Paul Ronning, Torstein Meling, Siril Rogne and Eirik Helseth Intracranial Tumor Surgery in Elderly Patients
Jason P. Sheehan and Edward M. Marchan Intracranial Hemangiopericytoma: Gamma Knife Surgery
Jesse J. Savage and Jason P. Sheehan Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Cerebral Metastases of Digestive Tract Tumors
Hideo Tsurushima and Akira Matsumura Malignant Brain Tumors: Role of Radioresponsive Gene Therapy
Prognosis
Cristina D’Angelo, Antonio Mirijello, Giovanni Addolorato and Vincenzo Antonio D’Angelo Brain Tumors: Quality of Life
Eefje M. Sizoo and Martin J.B. Taphoorn Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with High Grade Gliomas
Sophie Dupont Epilepsy and Brain Tumours and Antiepileptic Drugs
Youngmee Kim Familial Caregivers of Patients with Brain Cancer
Doug Hughes and Scott Y. Rahimi Pain Management Following Craniotomy
Peter Lindvall and Tommy Bergenheim Air Transportation of Patients with Brain Tumours

4. Preface
Introduction
Isabelle Baldi and Hugues Loiseau Epidemiology of Primary Brain Tumors
Mohit Singh and Juliette Hukin Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors
Roberto Gaggero, Alessandro Consales, Francesca Fazzini, Maria Luisa Garrè, and Pasquale Striano Epileptic Seizures and Supratentorial Brain Tumors in Children
Tumor to Tumor
Marc R. Matrana and Nuhad K. Ibrahim Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Central Nervous System
Xinmai Yang and Mark Cohen Melanoma to Brain Metastasis: Photoacoustic Microscopy
Biomarkers and Diagnosis
Luciana Oliveira de Almeida Extraaxial Brain Tumors: The Role of Genetic Polymorphisms
Takamitsu Fujimaki Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumor
Matthew L. Dashnaw, Kevin A. Walter, and Eleanor B. Carson-Walter Microvascular Gene Changes in Malignant Brain Tumors
Yongping You, Ning Liu, Chunsheng Kang, Peiyu Pu, and Zhen Fu Role of MicroRNA in Glioma
Tan Boon Toh, Yuk Kien Chong, Beng Ti Ang, and Carol Tang Glioblastoma Multiforme: Cryopreservation of Brain Tumor-Initiating Cells (Method)
Filippo Alongi, Arturo Chiti, Pierina Navarria, and Marta Scorsetti Relationship Between Molecular Oncology and Radiotherapy in Malignant Gliomas (An Overview)
Robert Pichler, Sabine Spiegl-Kreinecker and Gabriele Wurm High-Grade Brain Tumours: Evaluation of New Brain Lesions by Amino Acid PET
B. Mark Woerner and Joshua B. Rubin Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase-4 in Brain Tumor Biology: Immunochemical Analysis
Imaging
Abedelnasser Abulrob, Umar Iqbal, Boguslaw Tomanek and Danica Stanimirovic Molecular Imaging of Brain Tumours Using Single Domain Antibodies
Rubén Cárdenes, Emma Muñoz-Moreno, Rosario Sarabia-Herrero, Daniel Argibay-Quiñones and Marcos Martín-Fernández Quantitative Analysis of Pyramidal Tracts in Brain Tumor Patients Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Virginie Callot, Damien Galanaud and Patrick J. Cozzone Differentiation Between Gliomatosis Cerebri and Low-Grade Glioma: Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Elizabeth Shurell and Fritz C. Eilber Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: Diagnosis Using Quantitative FDG-PET
Venelin M. Gerganov, Mario Giordano, Rudolf Fahlbusch, Madjid Samii and Amir Samii Tumor Resection Control Using Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Raimund Kleiser, Janpeter Nickel, Rüdiger J. Seitz, Johannes Trenkler and Gabriele Wurm Brain Tumors: Clinical Applications of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Toru Satoh, Keisuke Onoda and Isao Date Trigeminal Neuralgia: Diagnosis Using 3-D Magnetic Resonance Multi-Fusion Imaging
Horst Urbach Epilepsy-Associated Brain Tumors: Diagnosis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Jinyuan Zhou Growth of Malignant Gliomas In Vivo: High-Resolution Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Therapy
Erik Magnus Berntsen and Asta Kristine Håberg Resection of Brain Lesions: Use of Preoperative Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Diffusion Tensor Tractography
David Roberge and Luis Souhami Paradigms in Tumor Bed Radiosurgery Following Resection of Brain Metastases
Thomas Brinker and Andrew Lewis Rat Model of Malignant Brain Tumors: Implantation of Doxorubicin Using Drug Eluting Beads for Delivery
Caroline Hayhurst Electromagnetic Neuronavigation for CNS Tumors
Hideyuki Kano, Ajay Niranjan, Douglas Kondziolka, John C. Flickinger and L. Dade Lunsford Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Intracranial Ependymomas
Lucyna Kepka and Milena Kolodziejczyk Is Whole Brain Radiotherapy Beneficial for Patients with Brain Metastases?
Tim Kees, Rodrigo Mora, Ivana Dokic, Johannes Noack, Anette Abschütz and Anne Régnier-Vigouroux Triggering Microglia Oncotoxicity: A Bench Utopia or a Therapeutic Approach?
Thomas Picht and Ayçe Atalay Preoperative Motor Mapping
Ryojo Akagami, Charles Dong and Henrik Huttunen Intraoperative Monitoring for Cranial Base Tumors
Anthony P. McHale and Nikolitsa Nomikou Brain Tumours: Pre-clinical Assessment of Targeted, Site Specific Therapy Exploiting Ultrasound and Cancer Chemotherapeutic Drugs
Quality of Life
David Fortin and Philippe Goffaux Headaches in Patients with Brain Tumors
Luca Valentinis and Antonio Palmieri Headache Associated with Intracranial Tumors
Philippe Goffaux, Kathya Daigle and David Fortin Patients with Brain Cancer: Health Related Quality of Life
Amanda Hambrecht, Rahul Jandial and Josh Neman Emerging Role of Brain Metastases in the Prognosis of Breast Cancer Patients

5. Preface
Astrocytomas: Diagnosis and Biomarkers
María del Mar Inda, Juan A. Rey, Xing Fan, and Javier S. Castresana Methylation in Malignant Astrocytomas
Alberto Azzalin and Sergio Comincini Deciphering the Function of Doppel Protein in Astrocytomas
Alfredo Conti, Carlo Gulì, Giuseppe J. Sciarrone, and Chiara Tomasello Astrocytic Tumors: Role of Antiapoptotic Proteins
Gangadhara Reddy Sareddy and Phanithi Prakash Babu Deregulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin/Tcf Signaling Pathway in Astrocytomas
Katarzyna Kotulska and Sergiusz Jó´zwiak Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma: Role of mTOR Pathway and Its Inhibitors
Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo, Valeria Hansberg-Pastor, Edith Cabrera-Muñoz, Olivia Tania Hernández-Hernández and Aliesha González-Arenas Role of Progesterone Receptor Isoforms in Human Astrocytomas Growth
Joonas Haapasalo, Hannu Haapasalo, and Seppo Parkkila Astrocytic Tumors: Role of Carbonic Anhydrase IX
Jai-Nien Tung, Tang-Yi Tsao, Kun-Tu Yeh, Ching-Fong Liao, and Ming-Chung Jiang Development of Cysts in Pilocytic Astrocytomas: Role of Eosinophilic Granular Bodies (Method)
Quincy Quick, Yihang Pan, and Omar Skalli Role of Synemin in Astrocytoma Cell Migration
David Capper Diffuse Astrocytomas: Immunohistochemistry of MGMT Expression
Daniel L. Keene and Donna Johnston Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors: An Epidemiology Review
Sally R. Lambert and David T.W. Jones RAF Fusion Genes and MAPK Activation in Pilocytic Astrocytomas
Anne F. Buckley, Roger E. McLendon, Carol J. Wikstrand and Darell D. Bigner Biomarker Discovery in Central Nervous System Neoplasms: Past, Present and Future
Kirstie S. Opstad Astrocytomas: Role of Taurine in Apoptosis Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Masashi Ueda and Hideo Saji Imaging of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1-Active Regions in Tumors Using a POS and 123I-IBB Method
Timo Gaiser and Markus D. Siegelin Diffuse Low-Grade Astrocytomas: P53-Mediated Inhibition of Angiogenesis
Mansoor Foroughi, Shibu Pillai, and Paul Steinbok Spontaneous Regression of Cerebellar Astrocytomas
Magdalena Ewa Tyburczy and Bozena Kaminska Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma: Gene Expression Profiling
Astrocytomas: Therapy
Pramod Butte and Adam N. Mamelak Time-Resolved Laser Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TRLIFS): A Tool for Intra-operative Diagnosis of Brain Tumors and Maximizing Extent of Surgical Resection
Kevin Beccaria, Michael S. Canney, and Alexandre C. Carpentier Magnetic Resonance-Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Brain Tumors
Abraham Boskovitz, Abdullah Kandil and Al Charest Nanotechnology-Based Therapy for Malignant Tumors of the Central Nervous System
Devon Haydon and Jeffrey Leonard Pilocytic Astrocytoma: Pathological and Immunohistochemical Factors Affecting Surgical Treatment and Surveillance
Hitoshi Tsugu, Shinya Oshiro, Fuminari Komatsu, Hiroshi Abe, Takeo Fukushima, Tooru Inoue, Fumio Yanai, and Yuko Nomura Pilomyxoid Astrocytomas: Chemotherapy
Astrocytomas: Prognosis
Sotirios Bisdas Astrocytomas: Predicting Survival and Recurrence Using Cerebral Blood Volume Measurements
Lisa M. Wintner, Johannes M. Giesinger, Gabriele Schauer-Maurer and Bernhard Holzner Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Monitoring (ePROM) in Brain Tumour Patients
Hemangioblastoma
Loyola V. Gressot and Steven W. Hwang Intra-operative ICG Use in the Management of Hemangioblastomas
Satoshi Utsuki, Hidehiro Oka, and Kiyotaka Fujii Hemangioblastoma Cysts: Diagnosis Using Fluorescence with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid
Anand Veeravagu, Bowen Jiang, and Steven D. Chang Hemangioblastoma: Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Ganglioglioma
Eleonora Aronica and Pitt Niehusmann Gangliogliomas: Molecular Pathogenesis and Epileptogenesis
Albert J. Becker Epilepsy-Associated Gangliogliomas: Identification of Genes with Altered Expression

6. Contents

Part I Introduction
1 General Introduction

2 Pediatric Mixed Glioneuronal Tumors in the Spinal Cord

3 Intradural Spinal Tumors: Classifi cation,
Symptoms, and Radiological Features

4 Non-Dysraphic Intradural Spinal Cord Lipoma:
Management Guidelines

5 Malignant Astrocytomas of the Spinal Cord:
Clinicopathologic Parameters

6 Spinal Epidural Angiolipoma

Part II Diagnosis
7 Spinal Cord Tumor Oligodendroglioma: Diagnosis

8 Primary Spinal Oligodendroglioma:
Diagnosis, Outcome, and Prognosis

9 Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma of the Spinal Cord
with Cerebrospinal Fluid and Peritoneal Metastasis

10 Intraspinal Oncocytic Adrenocortical
Adenoma: Diagnosis

11 Chordomas of the Clivus and Upper Cervical Spine

Part III Imaging
12 Spinal Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor: Use of Diffusion –
Weighted Imaging for Diagnosis

13 Gangliogliomas of the Spinal Cord: Neuroimaging
Correlations with Pathology, Controversies
in Pathological Diagnosis, and Prognosis

Part IV Therapy
14 Surgery for Spinal Tumours

15 Resection of Spinal Meningioma:
Postoperative Focal Hyperemia

16 Spinal Cord Hemangioblastomas: Surgical Management

17 Spinal Radiosurgery: Delayed
Radiation-Induced Myelopathy

18 Metastatic Spine Disease: Indications, Timing,
and Outcomes for Surgery and Radiation Therapy

19 Sequence of Surgery, Radiotherapy, and Stereotactic
Radiosurgery in the Treatment of Metastatic Spine
Disease: Effects on Wound Healing

20 Treatment of Spinal Tumors
with Cyberknife Stereotactic Radiotherapy

21 Recurrent Spinal Cord Cystic Astrocytomas:
Treatment with Rhenium-186 Intracavitary Radiation

22 Embolization of Spinal Tumors

23 Embolization of Spinal Cord Tumours

24 Locomotor Recovery After Spinal Cord Transection:
Transplantation of Oligodendrocytes and Motoneuron
Progenitors Generated from Human
Embryonic Stem Cells

25 Malignant Primary Spinal Neoplasms:
Total En Bloc Spondylectomy

7. Meningiomas
Part I Molecular Genetics
1 Meningiomas: Role of Semaphorin3A
Protein in Antiangiogenesis

2 Meningiomas: Role of Carbonic Anhydrase II

3 Meningiomas: Role of Genetic Instabilities
of the E-cadherin Gene

4 Intracranial Meningiomas: Role of Exogenous Hormones

5 Meningiomas: Clinical Needs and Molecular Insights

6 Meningioma: Urokinase Plasminogen Activator

7 miR-200a Regulation of the Wnt Signaling
in Meningioma Tumorigenesis

Part II Diagnosis
8 Meningiomas: Determination of Subtypes
Using Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging

9 Intracranial Meningioma in Mice:
Noninvasive Bioluminescence Imaging

10 Incidentally Discovered Meningiomas:
Growth Rates and Patterns

11 Cystic Papillary Meningioma: Diagnosis

12 Meningioma Tumors: Detection of Subgroups

13 Prognostic Parameters in Atypical
and Malignant Meningiomas

14 Sporadic Meningioangiomatosis: Diagnosis with Computed
Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Part III Therapy
15 Atypical Meningioma: Distinguishing Features
and Role of Adjuvant Radiation

16 Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Benign
Meningioma: Signifi cance and Therapeutic Potential

17 Oncocytic Meningioma: Neurosurgery

18 Intracranial Meningiomas:
Treatment and Quality of Life

19 Cavernous Sinus Meningiomas: Optimal Treatment

Part IV Recurrence
20 Genetic and Clinical Features Associated
with Recurrence in Atypical Meningioma

21 Recurrence and Progression in Meningiomas

22 Meningioma: Role of Erythropoietin
Receptor in the Tumor Recurrence

Schwannomas
Part V Molecular Genetics
23 Cyclin D1 Expression in Vestibular Schwannoma

24 Schwannomas: Role of Molecular Genetics
and Epigenetic Mechanisms

Part VI Diagnosis
25 Facial Nerve Schwannoma: Diagnosis
Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

26 Vestibular Schwannoma: Optimizing Tumor
Growth Monitoring by Volume Measurements

27 Intermediate Nerve Schwannomas

Part VII Therapy
28 Vestibular Schwannoma, Radiosurgery
and Hydrocephalus

29 Solitary Vestibular Schwannoma:
Decision Making of Treatments

30 Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Trigeminal Schwannoma:
Tumor Control and Functional Preservation

31 Vestibular Schwannoma: Gamma Knife Radiosurgery

32 Vestibular Schwannoma: Gamma
Knife Radiosurgery (Method)

33 Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery: Use of Fat
Implant to Prevent Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula

34 Retrosigmoidal Craniotomy for Vestibular Schwannoma
Patients: Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak

35 Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) Surgery:
Histological Considerations and Operative Results

36 Vestibular Schwannomas: Treatment with Bevacizumab

37 Management of Vestibular Schwannoma Patients:
Quality of Life Outcomes After Treatment

Volume 8. Astrocytoma, Medulloblastoma, Retinoblastoma, Chordoma, Craniopharyngioma, Oligodendroglioma, and Ependymoma

With tens of thousands of new CNS tumor cases each year in the US alone, this series of publications is a valuable aid to the diagnosis and treatment of these problematic neoplasms. Now, the eighth in the set returns to the topic of brain tumors, dealing with seven distinct types: astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma, chordoma, craniopharyngioma, oligodendroglioma, and ependymoma. After updating the classification of medulloblastoma the volume provides an overview of ependymoma as well as describing the delineation of prognosis based on the genetic aberrations of the latter patients. The material offers key insights into the molecular pathways involved in tumor biology, such as the role of E-cadherin gene instability, carbonic anhydrase II, urokinase plasminogen activator, and Wnt signaling in meningioma. Contributors explain the genetic and clinical features associated with recurring meningioma, including the role played by erythropoietin receptor, and examine the way in which OTX2 transcription factor functions as an oncogene in medulloblastoma. With much more besides, including discussion of the molecular mechanisms that result in resistance to chemotherapy in medulloblastoma, this volume and its companions have a positive role to play in inspiring a new generation of researchers to design new drugs that are better targeted—and thus more effective.

Volume 9. Lymphoma, Supratentorial Tumors, Glioneuronal Tumors, Gangliogliomas, Neuroblastoma in Adults, Hemangiomas, and Craniopharyngiomas

This volume deals with various aspects of nine separate types of brain tumor. With almost 70 contributors from 17 nations, the edition offers an unrivalled thoroughness and breadth of coverage that includes the very latest research material.

Volume 10. Pineal, Pituitary, and Spinal Tumors

Adding to a vitally important cycle of publications covering the latest research developments in our understanding of neoplasms affecting the human central nervous system, this edition focuses on numerous aspects of pineal, pituitary, and spinal tumors. As with the previous volumes in the series, this latest work addresses a central imperative in cancer research―the need to standardize classifications, written definitions and investigative guidelines in order to achieve a measure of shared objectivity among academics engaged in one of the most important medical endeavors of our era. It brings together the very latest work by oncologists, neurosurgeons, physicians, research scientists, and pathologists, providing the medical community with a wealth of data and results that, taken together, will advance the cause of cancer research. The volume synthesizes work on diagnosis, drug development, and therapeutic approaches that are typically scattered in a variety of journals and books. It features promising recent work in applying molecular genetics to clinical practice and evidence-based therapy, covering molecular profiling of tumors as well as a number of surgical treatments such as resection and radiosurgery. Together with its counterpart publications, it represents a much-needed central resource that will inform and guide future research efforts.

Volume 11. Pineal, Pituitary, and Spinal Tumors

Like the ten preceding volumes in the series Tumors of the Central Nervous System, this book is distinguished for its comprehensive approach, its distinguished roster of some 93 contributors representing 8 different countries and its embrace of leading-edge technology and methods. Volume 11: Imaging, Glioma and Glioblastoma, Stereotactic Radiotherapy, Spinal Cord Tumors, Meningioma, and Schwannomas concentrates on the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of four types of tumors, namely Glioblastoma, Meningioma, Schwannoma and Spinal Tumors. The book offers an in-depth survey of a range of new technologies and their applications to tumor diagnosis, treatment and therapy assessment. The contributors explain in thorough detail a range of current and newly developed imaging methods, including molecular imaging and PET scan. Also covered is molecular profiling of brain tumors to select therapy in clinical trials of brain tumors. Discussion includes a review of such surgical treatments as resection and the application of non-invasive stereotactic radiosurgery for treating high-risk patients with brain metastasis. Additional discussion is devoted to tumor seeding.

Volume 12. Molecular Mechanisms, Children's Cancer, Treatments, and Radiosurgery

As in the case of its eleven predecessors in the series Tumors of the Central Nervous System, this volume is distinguished for its thorough approach, its roster of 92 distinguished contributors representing 11 different countries and its detailed examination of leading-edge technology and methods.

Volume 12: Molecular Mechanisms, Children’s Cancer, Treatments, and Radiosurgery offers a comprehensive review of the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of brain and spinal cord tumors. Coverage extends to a large number of tumor types, including neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, meningioma and chordoma. Molecular profiling of brain tumors to select appropriate therapy in clinical trials of brain tumors is discussed in detail, as is the classification/diagnosis of brain tumors based on function analysis. CDK6 as the molecular regulator of neuronal differentiation in the adult brain, and the role of aquaporins in human brain tumor growth are explained. Discussion also includes tumors affecting children, including neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma. A full chapter is devoted to the role of molecular genetic alterations in medulloblastoma, and another examines survival differences between children and adults with medulloblastoma. The use of various types of imaging methods to diagnose brain tumors is explained. In-depth discussion of treatment options includes stereotactic radiosurgery, endoscopic neurosurgery, electrochemotherapy, transsphenoidal surgery, focal ablation, whole brain radiation therapy and recraniotomy.

Volume 13. Types of Tumors, Diagnosis, Ultrasonography, Surgery, Brain Metastasis, and General CNS Diseases

Section I, Types of Tumors includes a chapter on molecular characterization of Embryonal tumors, a chapter on diagnosis of metastatic oligodendroglioma using fine-needle aspiration cytology, one covering intra-arterial chemotherapy of oligodendroglial tumors and another on the role of cyclooxygenase-2 in the development and growth of Schwannomas, and others, closing with a chapter on trigeminal neuralgia with cerebellopontine angle tumors. Section II, Diagnosis, includes two chapters on cell counting in histopathologic slides of tumors. Section III offers three chapters which discuss aspects of intraoperative ultrasonography. Section IV covers brain tumor surgery, and Section V surveys Brain Metastasis. The final section offers a wide-ranging review of General Diseases, with chapters on, among others, Alexander Disease; Lipoma; Transplantation of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells in cases of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage; and a chapter discussing the use of mobile phones and brain cancer risk in children. Like its twelve predecessors in the series, this volume merits distinction for its thorough approach, its roster of 78 distinguished contributors representing 14 different countries and its detailed examination of leading-edge technology and methods.

Volume 14. Glioma, Meningioma, Neuroblastoma, and Spinal Tumors

This fourteenth volume of the series provides comprehensive, current information on the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of brain tumors and spinal tumors. For the readers' convenience, contributions are organized into three categories of Pineal Tumors, Pituitary Tumors, and Spinal Tumors. Readers will find discussion of various aspects of a number of tumor types, including angiocentric glioma, pilomyxoid astrocytoma, pituicytoma, pediatric low-grade gliomas, meningiomas and spinal cord tumors.

Expert oncologists, neurosurgeons, physicians, research scientists and pathologists from around the world have contributed to this extensive publication. Their chapters highlight practical experience and provide exceptional insight into the nature of cancer. The authors cover topics ranging from the use of molecular criteria in diagnosis and targeting of medicine, through evidence-based approaches, to in-depth discussion of long-term follow-up after surgery.