R. Feldman – Understanding Psychology (12th edition)

Автор: R. Feldman
Название книги: Understanding Psychology
Формат: PDF
Жанр: Психология
Страницы: 788
Качество: Изначально компьютерное, E-book

If I were to use only two words to summarize my goal across the twelve editions of
this introduction to psychology, as well as my teaching philosophy, that’s what I would
say: Students fi rst.
I believe that an effective introduction to a discipline must be oriented to students—
informing them, engaging them, and exciting them about the fi eld and helping them
connect it to their worlds.
The difference between this and earlier editions, though, is that now we have an
array of digital tools available that allow students to study more effectively, and learn
the material more deeply, than was ever before possible.
BETTER DATA, SMARTER REVISION, IMPROVED RESULTS
Students study more effectively with Smartbook .
• Make It Effective. Powered by Learnsmart, SmartBook™ creates a personalized
reading experience by highlighting the most impactful concepts a student needs to
learn at that moment in time. This ensures that every minute spent with SmartBook™
is returned to the student as the most value-added minute possible.
• Make It Informed. Real-time reports
quickly identify the concepts that require
more attention from individual students—
or the entire class. SmartBook™ detects
the content a student is most likely to
forget and brings it back to improve longterm
knowledge retention.
Students help inform the revision strategy.
• Make It Precise. Systematic and precise,
a heat map tool collates data anonymously
collected from thousands of students who
used Connect Psychology’s Learnsmart.
• Make It Accessible. The data is graphically
represented in a heat map as “hot
spots” showing specifi c concepts with
which students had the most diffi culty.
Revising these concepts, then, can make
them more accessible for students.
PERSONALIZED GRADING, ON
THE GO, MADE EASIER
The fi rst and only analytics tool of its kind,
Connect Insight™ is a series of visual data
displays—each framed by an intuitive question—to provide at-a-glance information regarding
how your class is doing.
• Make It Intuitive. You receive instant, at-a-glance views of student performance
matched with student activity.
• Make It Dynamic. Connect Insight™ puts real-time analytics in your hands so
you can take action early and keep struggling students from falling behind.
• Make It Mobile . Connect Insight™ travels from offi ce to classroom, available on
demand wherever and whenever it’s needed.
Student Tools: Mastering the Material
Student success in psychology means mastering the material at a deep level. These
are some of the tools that help students maximize their performance:
STUDY ALERTS
Throughout, marginal notes point out
important and diffi cult concepts and topics.
These Study Alerts offer suggestions for
learning the material effectively and for
studying for tests. In Module 14, for example,
a Study Alert emphasizes the importance
of differentiating the fi ve stages of
sleep; the feature in Module 15 makes clear
the key issue about hypnosis—whether it
represents a different state of consciousness or is similar to normal waking consciousness;
and in Module 16 it highlights Figure 2 for its clear view of the different ways that drugs
produce their effects at a neurological level.
FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF . . .
Every chapter includes questions to help students connect psychological concepts
with career realities. Called “From the Perspective of . . .,” this feature helps students
understand how psychology impacts their chosen program of study and answers the
“why does psychology matter to me?” question. Examples of the some career fi elds
include health, technology, criminal justice, and marketing
Student Learning:
Content and Concepts
The following sample of new and revised topics and textual changes, including new
defi nitions based on heat map data, provides a good indication of the content’s currency
and clarifi cation for students.
Chapter 1—Introduction to Psychology
• Psychological explanations of Boston
Marathon bomber and autism
spectrum disorder
• Psychology’s reputation will grow
with increase in evidence-based
practices
• Increase in program evaluation
psychologists
• Stream of consciousness
• Neuroscience, behavioral perspective,
observable behavior, and universal
principles
• Biological foundations of behavior
and information about William James
Chapter 2—Psychological Research
• Lack of bystander intervention
• Dispositional factors in helping
• Defi nitions of confederate, dependent
variable
• Participant expectations
• Defi ciencies in web surveys
Chapter 3—Neuroscience and
Behavior
• Single-channel scanning to
translate brain waves to
communication
• Deleted information on location effects
of neurotransmitters and the
term interneuron
• New example of sensory and motor
neurons
• Reticular formation, limbic system,
sensory area of the cortex, neuroplasticity
concept
• Epilepsy relief via brain hemisphere
lesions
• Kosslyn theory of top-bottom brain
differences
Chapter 4—Sensation and Perception
• Super-recognizers
• Effects of listening to music while
studying
• Information about supertasters
• Chronic pain
• Visual spectrum
• Feature detector
• Eardrum and sound
• Pheromones, role in alarm
communication
• Synesthesia
• Relative size
• Perceptual constancy
Chapter 5—States of Consciousness
• Hypnosis and sports
• Circadian cycles, creativity, cognitive
tasks
• Sleep deprivation and sleeping pill use
• Benefi ts of short naps and that preschoolers
learn material better due
to naps
• Study about amount of time of off-task
thinking and daydreaming
• Uses of Molly and bath salts
• Concept of addictive drugs
• Latent content and manifest content
defi nitions of dreams
Chapter 6—Learning
• Facebook and social media
• Observation learning and gender
from the media
• Spanking and yelling are ineffective
and damaging to children
• Unconditioned response
• Process of conditioning
• Continuous reinforcement schedule,
partial (intermittent) reinforcement
schedule, fi xed-interval schedule
• Relational and analytic learning styles
Chapter 7—Memory
• Hyperthymestic syndrome
• Statistics and eyewitness memory
prosecution
• Concept cells
• Working memory and computer
analogy
• Priming
• Autobiographical memory
• Relation between culture and
memory
• New case of repressed memory
Chapter 8—Cognition and Language
• Thinking
• Icelandic language has 24 words for
waves
• Language immersion and hippocampus
growth
• Effi cient processing following intensive
language training
• Enhanced problem solving and
creativity follows sleep
• Removed syllogistic reasoning
material and representativeness
heuristic
• Deductive and inductive
reasoning
• Availability heuristic, semantics,
mental set, telegraphic speech,
overgeneralization, confi rmation bias,
concepts
• Nativist approach to language
development
• Linguistic-relativity hypothesis
Chapter 9—Intelligence
• Overcoming autism spectrum
disorder
• Flynn effect
• South Asian Indian cultural belief of
malleability of IQ
• Fluid intelligence
• Crystallized intelligence
• Removed information processing
approach to intelligence
• Intelligence tests
• Culture-fair IQ test
• Full inclusion arguments
• Heritability
• Importance of heredity-environment
question
Chapter 10—Motivation and Emotion
• U. S. obesity statistics
• Objections to instinct approaches
• Incentive approaches to motivation
• Cognition approaches to
motivation
• Intrinsic/extrinsic defi nitions
• Objections to weight-set-point
theory
• Emotion theories
Chapter 11—Sexuality and Gender
• Gender differences on science tests
and in how relationships provide
self-esteem
• Survey data on gay, lesbian, bisexual,
transsexual frequency
• Changes in societal views on homosexuality
• Mental and physical health disparities
in gays and lesbians
• Decline in female circumcision
• Gender stereotypes
• Gender earning disparities
• Sexual harassment
• Gender differences in cognitive
abilities
• Estrogen level effects on cognitive
tasks
• Socialization for learning norms of
behavior
• Biosocial explanation of gender
differences
• Social learning explanation of gender
differences
• Removed term progesterone
• Female sexuality
• Sexual fantasies
• Refractory period
• Kinsey research techniques
• Genetic origin of sexual orientation
• Transsexual and transgenderism
• Anorgasmia
• AIDS data and fi gure on attitudes
toward premarital sex
• Gonorrhea symptoms
Chapter 12—Development
• World’s oldest man
• Distracted parenting due to smartphone
use
• Longitudinal research
• Deleted defi nition of sequential
research
• Effects of mother’s illness on her fetus
• Attachment due to responsiveness to
children’s cues
• Cognitive development defi nition
• Conventional morality
• Postconventional morality
• Employment characteristics of families
• Senility’s lack of usefulness
• Alzheimer’s disease
• Activity theory of aging
• Disengagement theory of aging
Chapter 13—Personality
• Different aspects of personality
• Plastic surgery effects on personality
• Personality
• Psychodynamic approaches to
personality
• Fixations
• Oedipus confl ict
• Repression
• Archetype
• Collective unconscious
• Inferiority complex
• Factor analysis
• Self-effi cacy
• Norm
• Self-report measures
• Projective personality test
• Narcissism increases in college students
• MMPI to MMPI-2-RF and number of
subscales
Chapter 14—Health Psychology: Stress,
Coping, and Well-Being
• Happiness and what one does with
fi nancial windfalls
• Stress on the immune system
• Hardiness
• Resilience
• Proactive coping
• Smoking statistics and electronic
cigarettes
• Subjective well-being and positive
and negative changes in situation
Chapter 15—Psychological Disorders
• DSM-5 update
• Role of right anterior insula in
depression
• Statistics on fi nancial costs of
depression
• Deleted schizophrenia subtypes (e.g.,
paranoid, catatonic, etc.)
• Autism spectrum disorder
• Abnormality
• Behavioral perspective
• Panic disorder of mood disorders
• Removed evolutionary explanation
of depression
• Internet addiction disorder
• Comorbidity
• Borderline personality disorder
• Narcissistic personality disorder
• Two most common psychological
disorders
Chapter 16—Treatment of Psychological
Disorders
• Effects of technology on
treatment
• Behavioral treatment approaches
• Systematic desensitization
• Flooding therapy
• Removed dialectical behavior
therapy
• Unconditional positive regard
• Contemporary person-centered
therapy
• Mood stabilizer
• Deinstitutionalization
• Hospital emergency rooms conduct
mental health care
• Critique of Alcoholic Anonymous
• Statistics on use of antidepressants
Chapter 17—Social Psychology
• Stereotype threat
• Mathematical models of impression
formation
• Cognitive dissonance example
• Norms
• Social roles
• Norm of reciprocity
• Stereotypes and discrimination
• IAT
• Frustration-aggression hypothesis
• Observational learning