J. States – Arsenic (2016)

Автор: J. States
Название книги: Arsenic (2016)
Формат: PDF
Жанр: Экология
Страницы: 585
Качество: Изначально компьютерное, E-book

Arsenic is the 20th most common element in the earth’s crust, and its toxic potential has been known for millennia. Chronic exposure to arsenic, most commonly through natural contamination of drinking water, is a worldwide health problem. Arsenic has been number one on the ATSDR hazardous substances list for at least 15 years now. Over the past two decades, a vast amount of research has been performed on arsenic toxicity. Much of this research focused on carcinogenesis. However, more recently research has focused on the non‐cancer disease endpoints of chronic arsenic exposure including cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis and hypertension), and pulmonary, neurological, and ocular disease. Some epidemiological studies suggest a link with diabetes. How a single agent can cause such a wide variety of ailments has evaded a simple answer. A great variety of experimental systems, using wide‐ranging exposures, have produced a mountain of published research. Despite all the published literature examining mode of action, there remains strong debate over how arsenic exerts its disease‐causing effects, and no single unifying theme has emerged that can explain the diversity of diseases caused by chronic arsenic exposure. In my view, this lack of a unifying mechanism is at the heart of the issue.
Contents
Fundamentals Of Arsenic Exposure And Metabolism
History of Arsenic as a Poison and a Medicinal Agent
Geogenic and Anthropogenic Arsenic Hazard in Groundwaters and Soils: Distribution, Nature, Origin, and Human Exposure Routes
Remediation of Arsenic in Drinking Water
The Chemistry and Metabolism of Arsenic
Epidemiology and Disease Manifestations of Arsenic Exposure[/i]
Human Population Studies and Nutritional Intervention
Skin Manifestations of Chronic Arsenicosis
Lung Cancer and Other Pulmonary Diseases
Bladder Cancer and Arsenic
Neurological Effects of Arsenic Exposure
Diabetes Mellitus
Hepatotoxicity
Genetic Epidemiology of Susceptibility to Arsenic‐Induced Diseases
[i]Mechanisms of Toxicity
Arsenic Interaction with Zinc Finger Motifs
Role in Chemotherapy
Genotoxicity
Arsenic and Signal Transduction
Stem Cell Targeting and Alteration by Arsenic
Epigenetics and Arsenic Toxicity
Models for Arsenic Toxicology and Risk Assessment
Cancer Induced by Exposure to Arsenicals in Animals
Arsenic‐Induced Cardiovascular Disease
Invertebrate Models in Arsenic Research: Past, Present, and Future
Toxicokinetics and Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Arsenic
Considerations for a Biologically Based Risk Assessment for Arsenic
Translating Experimental Data to Human Populations