H. Oertel – Prandtl Essentials of Fluid Mechanics (Third edition, 2010)

Автор: H. Oertel
Название книги: Prandtl Essentials of Fluid Mechanics (Third edition)
Формат: PDF
Жанр: Физика
Страницы: 800
Качество: Изначально компьютерное, E-book

Ludwig Prandtl, with his fundamental contributions to hydrodynamics, aerodynamics,
and gas dynamics, greatly influenced the development of fluid mechanics
as a whole, and it was his pioneering research in the first half of the
last century that founded modern fluid mechanics. His book F¨uhrer durch
die Str¨omungslehre, which appeared in 1942, originated from previous publications
in 1913, Lehre von der Fl¨ussigkeit und Gasbewegung, and 1931, Abriß
der Str¨omungslehre. The title F¨uhrer durch die Str¨omungslehre, or Essentials
of Fluid Mechanics, is an indication of Prandtl’s intentions to guide the reader
on a carefully thought-out path through the different areas of fluid mechanics.
On his way, the author advances intuitively to the core of the physical
problem, without extensive mathematical derivations. The description of the
fundamental physical phenomena and concepts of fluid mechanics that are
needed to derive the simplified models has priority over a formal treatment
of the methods. This is in keeping with the spirit of Prandtl’s research work.
The first edition of Prandtl’s F¨uhrer durch die Str¨omungslehre was the
only book on fluid mechanics of its time and, even today, counts as one of
the most important books in this area. After Prandtl’s death, his students
Klaus Oswatitsch and KarlWieghardt undertook to continue his work, and to
add new findings in fluid mechanics in the same clear manner of presentation.
When the ninth edition went out of print and a new edition was desired
by the publishers, we were glad to take on the task. The first four chapters of
this book keep to the path marked out by Prandtl in the first edition, in 1942.
The original historical text has been linguistically revised, and leads, after the
Introduction, to chapters on Properties of Liquids and Gases, Kinematics of
Flow, and Dynamics of Fluid Flow. These chapters are taught to science and
engineering students in introductory courses on fluid mechanics even today.
We have retained much of Prandtl’s original material in these chapters, but
added a section on the Topology of a Flow in Chapter 3 on Flows of Non-
Newtonian Media and Aerodynamics in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 on Fundamental
Equations of Fluid Mechanics enlarges the material in the original, and forms
the basis for the treatment of different branches of fluid mechanics that appear
in subsequent chapters.
The major difference from previous editions lies in the treatment of additional
topics of fluid mechanics. The field of fluid mechanics is continuously growing, and has now become so extensive that a selection had to be made.
I am greatly indebted to my colleagues K.R. Sreenivasan, U. M¨uller, J. Warnatz,
U. Riedel, D. Etling, and P. Erhard, who revised individual chapters in
their own research areas, keeping Prandtl’s purpose in mind and presenting
the latest developments of the last seventy years in Chapters 6 to 12. Some of
these chapters can be found in some form in Prandtl’s book, but have undergone
substantial revisions; others are entirely new. The original chapters on
Wing Aerodynamics, Heat Transfer, Stratified Flows, Turbulent Flows, Multiphase
Flows, Flows in the Atmosphere and the Ocean, and Turbomachinery
have been revised, while the chapters on Instabilities and Turbulent Flows,
Flows with Chemical Reactions, Microflows and Biofluid Mechanics are new.
References to the literature in the individual chapters have intentionally been
kept to those few necessary for comprehension and completion. The extensive
historical citations may be found by referring to previous editions.
Essentials of Fluid Mechanics is targeted to science and engineering students
who, having had some basic exposure to fluid mechanics, wish to attain
an overview of the different branches of fluid mechanics. The presentation
postpones the use of vectors and eschews the use integral theorems in order
to preserve the accessibility to this audience. For more general and compact
mathematical derivations we refer to the references. In order to give students
the possibility of checking their learning of the subject matter, Chapters 2
to 5 are supplemented with problems. The book will also give the expert in
research or industry valuable stimulation in the treatment and solution of
fluid-mechanical problems.
We hope that we have been able, with the treatment of the different
branches of fluid mechanics, to carry on the work of Ludwig Prandtl as he
would have wished. Chapters 1–5, 7, and 12 were written by H. Oertel, Chapter
6 by K.R. Sreenivasan and H. Oertel, Chapter 8 by U. M¨uller, Chapter
9 by J. Warnatz and U. Riedel, Chapter 10 by D. Etling, and Chapter 11 by
P. Erhard. Thanks are due to those colleagues whose numerous suggestions
have been included in the text.
I thank Katherine Aswaf for the translation and typesetting of the English
manuscript and K. Fritsch-Kirchner for the completion of the text files. The
extremely fruitful collaboration with Springer-Verlag also merits particular
praise