International Maritime Organization – Ships Routeing

Автор: International Maritime Organization
Название книги: Ships Routeing (2010)
Формат: PDF
Жанр: Водный транспорт
Страницы: 2017
Качество: Изначально компьютерное, E-book

Both the safety of shipping and the cleanliness of oceans are promoted in many ways, one of which is the continuing development of routeing measures to control the navigation of vessels and to monitor their progress. The measures that are described or defined in parts A and H of this publication are individually described in parts B (traffic separation schemes and inshore traffic zones), C (deepwater routes), D (areas to be avoided), E (other routeing measures, such as recommended tracks, two-way routes and recommended directions of traffic flow), F (the rules and recommendations on navigation that are associated with particular traffic areas and straits), G (mandatory ship reporting systems, mandatory routeing systems and mandatory no anchoring areas) and H (archipelagic sea lanes).

The practice of following predetermined routes originated
in about 1898 and was adopted, for reasons of safety, by
shipping companies operating passenger ships across the
North Atlantic. Related provisions were subsequently
incorporated into the International Conventions for the
Safety of Life at Sea.
The 1960 Safety Convention referred to the same
practice in converging areas on both sides of the North
Atlantic. The Contracting Governments undertook the
responsibility of using their influence to induce the owners
of all passenger ships crossing the Atlantic to follow the
recognized routes and to do everything in their power to
ensure adherence to such routes in converging areas by all
ships, so far as circumstances permit.
In 1961 the institutes of navigation of the Federal
Republic of Germany, France and the United Kingdom
undertook a study of measures for separating traffic in the
Strait of Dover and, subsequently, in certain other areas
where statistics indicated an increased risk of collision.
Their studies resulted in proposals for the separation of
traffic in those areas as well as for certain basic principles
of ships' routeing. These proposals were submitted to the
International Maritime Organization (IMO), the specialized
agency of the United Nations responsible for
maritime safety, efficiency of navigation and prevention
of marine pollution, and were generally adopted. This
initial step was further developed by IMO and the basic
concept of separating opposing traffic was applied to
many areas throughout the world.
The increase in recent years in the size and draught of
ships has produced problems in certain shallow-water
areas and led to the establishment of deep-water routes.
Similarly, the hazards to navigation in certain areas and
the associated dangers to the marine environment and
ecology have resulted in the establishment and adoption of
“areas to be avoided'' by certain ships.
Today, in accordance with regulation 10.2 of the
revised chapter V of the International Convention for the
Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (1974 SOLAS Convention),
IMO is recognized as the only international body for
establishing and adopting measures on an international
level concerning routeing and areas to be avoided by ships
or certain classes of ships; whilst, in accordance with
regulation 11.2 of the revised chapter V of the International
Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, IMO
is recognized as the only international body for developing
guidelines, criteria and regulations on an international
level, including adoption of ship reporting systems.
Ships’ Routeing is intended primarily for Administrations
responsible for planning and supporting routeing
systems for use by international shipping.
There are two categories of routeing systems. The first
category of routeing systems includes traffic separation
schemes, two-way routes, recommended tracks, areas to
be avoided, inshore traffic zones, roundabouts, precautionary
areas and deep-water routes. The second category
is archipelagic sea lanes. Part A consists of General
Provisions on Ships' Routeing which have been developed
to ensure that all adopted routeing systems conform to the
same general criteria and principles. Parts B to F include
descriptions of routeing systems and associated rules and
recommendations on navigation which have been adopted
by the Organization. Part G includes descriptions of
mandatory ship reporting systems and mandatory routeing
measures which have been adopted by the Organization.
Part H takes into account the unique character of
achipelagic sea lanes as a routeing system and provides
guidance for the preparation, consideration and adoption
of proposals for the adoption, designation and substitution
of archipelagic sea lanes.
Rule 10 of the International Regulations for Preventing
Collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREG 1972), as amended by
Assembly resolutions A.464(XII), A.626(15), A.678(16),
A.910(22) and A.1004(25), prescribes the conduct of
vessels within or near traffic separation schemes adopted
by IMO. The text of rule 10 is reproduced in part B.
Through its appropriate bodies, IMO keeps the subject
of ships' routeing under continuous review by adopting
new routeing systems and amending or, when necessary,
withdrawing existing systems.
A Government intending to establish a new or amended
routeing system should be guided by this publication and
follow all recommended consultative procedures to ensure
that a proposed system will comply with the relevant
General Provisions on Ships' Routeing in part A and part
H.
Proposed routeing measures should be submitted to the
Sub-Committee on Safety of Navigation at least three
months before a scheduled meeting. The Sub-Committee
will evaluate a proposal for technical compliance with the
General Provisions and make a recommendation regarding
its adoption. Submissions should include, in addition to
the description of the routeing measure and associated
chartlet, the reference chart or charts listed in the
description of the routeing measure with the proposed
routeing system delineated thereon. Member Governments
should also take into account MSC/Circ. 1060 “Guidance
notes on the preparation of proposals on ships' routeing
systems and ship reporting systems for submission to the
Sub-Committee on Safety of Navigation'' and its amendment
in MSC.1/Circ.1060/Add.1.
The Maritime Safety Committee will adopt routeing
measures in accordance with Assembly resolutions
A.572(14), as amended, and A.858(20).