C. Meadows – Encyclopedia of Oceania

Автор: C. Meadows
Название книги: Encyclopedia of Oceania
Формат: PDF
Жанр: История Америки, Австралии, Океании
Страницы: 633
Качество: Изначально компьютерное, E-book

CONTENTS
VOLUME 1
Preface ix
Chapter 1 Australia: Background and U.S. Relations 1
Bruce Vaughn
Chapter 2 Overeducation in the Australian Graduate Labor Market:
The Roles of Immigrant Status and Language Background 21
Ian W. Li and Paul W. Miller
Chapter 3 Overseas Workers and the Role of Professional Associations 49
G. Davis
Chapter 4 Case Studies of Disadvantaged Students‘ Reading Motivation:
Avoiding a Deficit Perspective 79
Clarence Ng and Brendan Bartlett
Chapter 5 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People in Australia, Education
and Health Literacy 99
Jacqueline Boyle, Bronwyn Fredericks and Helena Teede
Chapter 6 Australia and the U.S. Rebalancing to Asia Strategy 105
Bruce Vaughn
Chapter 7 A Multi-Sector Governance Model for Environmental
Sustainability – Australia Case 123
Huong Ha
Chapter 8 Climate Change and Child Health in Australia:
Likely Futures, New Inequities? 149
Lyndall Strazdins, Sharon Friel, Anthony McMichael,
Susan Woldenberg Butler and Elizabeth Hanna
Chapter 9 Fisheries Management: Opportunities for Reform 159
VOLUME 2
Chapter 10 Australia and New Zealand CBNG Development
and Environmental Implications 175
M. E. Taulis
Chapter 11 New Zealand: Background and Bilateral Relations
with the United States 199
Bruce Vaughn
Chapter 12 Human Pharmaceuticals of Potential Concern
to the New Zealand Environment 217
Rhiannon Braund and Barrie Peake
Chapter 13 An Efficiency Analysis of New Zealand Electricity
Distributors over Time 251
Fatih Cemil Ozbugday and Paul H. L. Nillesen
Chapter 14 Relocation for Specialist Treatment: The New Zealand Experience 279
Pam McGrath
Chapter 15 New Zealand: U.S. Security Cooperation and the U.S.
Rebalancing to Asia Strategy 293
Bruce Vaughn
Chapter 16 Guam: U. S. Defense Deployments 309
Shirley A. Kan
Chapter 17 Military Buildup on Guam: Costs and Challenges
in Meeting Construction Timelines 333
United States Government Accountability Office
Chapter 18 Defense Infrastructure: The Navy Needs Better Documentation
to Support Its Proposed Military Treatment Facilities on Guam 355
United States Government Accountability Office
VOLUME 3
Chapter 19 Guam Initial Technical Assessment Report 377
Ian Baring-Gould, Misty Conrad, Scott Haase,
Eliza Hotchkiss and Peter McNutt
Chapter 20 Guam Strategic Energy Plan 459
Misty Dawn Conrad
Chapter 21 Guam Energy Action Plan 483
Misty Dawn Conrad and J. Erik Ness
Chapter 22 Compacts of Free Association: Micronesia and
the Marshall Islands Continue to Face Challenges
Measuring Progress and Ensuring Accountability 509
Chapter 23 The Marshall Islands and Micronesia: Amendments to
the Compact of Free Association with the United States 581

PREFACE
This book presents important research on Oceania. Topics discussed herein include the
background and U.S. Relations with Australia; overseas workers and the role of professional
associations; fisheries management; background and bilateral relations with the United States
and New Zealand; U.S. defense deployments in Guam; and the Marshall Islands and
Micronesia.
Relations between Australia and New Zealand, also sometimes referred to as Trans-
Tasman relations due to the countries being on opposite sides of the Tasman Sea, are
extremely close with both sharing British colonial heritage and being part of the Anglosphere.
In this book, the authors gather and present current research in the study of the economics,
environmental, and health care issues in both New Zealand and Australia. Topics included in
this compilation include pharmaceutical contaminants in the New Zealand environment;
environmental sustainability in Australia; the electricity distribution industry in New Zealand;
specialist medical care issues in New Zealand; fisheries management agencies in Australia;
climate change and child health in Australia; and coalbed natural gas development and
environmental implications in both Australia and New Zealand.
In the fall of 2011, the Obama Administration issued a series of announcements
indicating that the United States would be expanding and intensifying its already significant
role in the Asia-Pacific, particularly in the southern part of the region. The fundamental goal
underpinning the shift is to devote more effort to influencing the development of the Asia-
Pacific‘s norms and rules, particularly as China emerges as an ever-more influential regional
power. Given that one purpose of the “pivot” or “rebalancing” toward the Asia-Pacific is to
deepen U.S. credibility in the region at a time of fiscal constraint, Congress‘s oversight and
appropriations roles, as well as its approval authority over free trade agreements, will help
determine to what extent the Administration‘s plans are implemented and how various tradeoffs
are managed. This book examines U.S. and Asia-Pacific countries relations with a focus
on Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Indonesia, South Korea, the Philippines, Vietnam, Guam,
Singapore and Taiwan.
Since 2000, the U.S. military has been building up forward-deployed forces on the
westernmost U.S. territory of Guam to increase U.S. presence, deterrence, and power
projection for potential responses to crises and disasters, counterterrorism, and contingencies
in support of South Korea, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, or elsewhere in Asia. Since 2006,
three joint exercises based at Guam called the “Valiant Shield” have boosted U.S. military
readiness in the Asian-Pacific region. The defense buildup on Guam has been moderate.
China still has concerns about Guam‘s buildup, suspecting it to be directed against China.
There has been concern that China and North Korea could target Guam with missiles. Still,
Guam‘s role increased in engaging with China‘s military. This book examines the U.S.
defense buildup on Guam with a focus on defense deployments; the costs and challenges in
meeting construction timelines; and proposed military treatment facilities on Guam.
In this book, the authors discuss the cultural influences, global perspectives and social
challenges of education in Australia. Topics include overeducation in the Australian graduate
labor market; overseas workers and the role of professional associations in Australia; case
studies of disadvantaged students‘ reading motivations; and the education and health literacy
of aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia.
Australia, a traditionally staunch U.S. ally, is exploring ways to support the U.S. strategy
of increasing its involvement in Asia—often called the rebalancing to Asia strategy—at a
time when Australia has embarked on significant cuts to its defense budget. Australia is
seeking to strengthen its long-standing defense alliance with the United States without
jeopardizing its important trade relationship with China. Australia‘s strategic geography is
increasingly focused on its north and west at a time when the United States is also
increasingly focused on the same areas, namely Southeast Asia and the northern reaches of
the Indian Ocean. An analysis of Australia‘s role in the United States‘Asia strategy is
particularly relevant as Congress considers future U.S. strategy, force structure, and defense
procurement decisions.
As part of its strategy to rebalance toward Asia the Obama Administration has greatly
expanded cooperation and reestablished close ties with New Zealand. Changes in the security
realm have been particularly notable as the two sides have restored close defense cooperation,
which was suspended in the mid-1980s due to differences over nuclear policy. The two
nations are now working together increasingly closely in the area of defense and security
cooperation while also seeking to coordinate efforts in the South Pacific. The United States
and New Zealand are also working together to help shape emerging architectures in the Asia-
Pacific such as the 11-nation Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) free trade agreement negotiation
in which New Zealand has played a key role.
Provides an overview of various energy strategies that are available to Guam in the
pursuit of diversifying fuel sources and reducing fossil energy consumption 20% by 2020
(20×20). The information in this book is based upon input from the Guam Energy Task Force
(GETF), the National Renewable Energy Laboratory‘s (NREL‘s) Guam Initial Technical
Assessment Report, and additional stakeholders. The information presented in this strategic
energy plan is intended to be used by the GETF in developing an energy action plan. The next
step in reaching the 2020 goal involves selecting the most appropriate strategies from the
options outlined in this strategic plan and creating a roadmap for implementation in the Guam
Energy Action Plan.
The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) and the Federated States of Micronesia
(FSM) are located in the Pacific Ocean just north of the equator, about 3,000 miles southwest
of Hawaii and about 2,500 miles southeast of Japan. The FSM is a federation of four
semiautonomous states and has a population of approximately 103,000 (as of 2010) scattered
over many small islands and atolls. The FSM states maintain considerable power, relative to
the FSM National Government, to allocate U.S. assistance and implement budgetary policies.
This book examines (1) the FSM‘s and RMI‘s use of compact funds in the education and
health sectors; (2) the extent to which the FSM and RMI have made progress toward stated
goals in education and health; and (3) the extent to which oversight activities by the FSM,
RMI, and U.S. governments ensure accountability for compact funding and information on
infrastructure spending.