Borden Dent – Cartography. Thematic Map Design (6th edition)

Автор: Borden Dent
Название книги: Cartography. Thematic Map Design (6th edition)
Формат: PDF
Жанр: Геология и Геодезия
Страницы: 369
Качество: Изначально компьютерное, E-book

WHAT SETS THIS BOOK APART?
The sixth edition of Cartography: Thematic Map Design is
a completely revised version of previous editions. While
the focus remains on the principles of thematic map design,
all chapters are updated, now providing a more integrated,
practical link between cartographic theory and practice for
users of GIS, computer mapping, and graphic design software.
The goal of this new edition is to provide an in-depth
discussion of the process of designing maps for displaying
spatial information.
THE APPROACH OF THIS BOOK
The intended audience of this text is rather broad based. It
includes instructors and students of higher education classes
in cartography focusing on the design and creation of thematic
maps. Both instructors and students will appreciate the
straightforward presentation of material, including over 120
newly designed graphics and map examples, as well as the
authors’ suggestions for the do’s and don’ts of map design.
Other users include a range from cartographic professionals
to novice users of software that produce maps. For those professionals
who wish to have a modern reference book to
which they can turn for review of thematic map design principles,
this text will serve them well. The book is written in
user-friendly language that even the most novice generator of
maps can easily follow. It is especially benefi cial to those individuals
who wish an understanding of map design that goes
beyond the use of software default settings. This text will
provide each user with an overview of cartographic design of
thematic maps based upon the three authors’ combined professional
and academic experience of over fi fty years.
The text’s 17 chapters are presented in fi ve parts, each of
which has a focus that bonds the chapters together. Users of
the previous edition of the text will notice that the chapter on
Geographic Information Systems has been removed since
the text is now GIS-friendly throughout. Chapter 16, Introduction
to Virtual and Web Mapping, is entirely new to the
PREFACE
sixth edition, and replaces the fi fth edition’s Chapter 17. In
addition, a number of topics have been consolidated differently
which permits the pedagogical approach familiar to
many courses in thematic map design. For example, the topic
of data classifi cation has been moved into Chapter 5, Descriptive
Statistics and Data Classifi cation, since classifi cation
can be applied to other mapping techniques as well.
While some of the major points and changes are highlighted
in this preface, readers for whom those changes from the
fi fth edition are important (such as instructors) are encouraged
to examine the outline for each chapter in the text’s
table of contents for more specifi c details.
WHAT’S NEW IN THE SIXTH EDITION?
This sixth edition has retained the focus on excellence in the
principles of thematic map design. At the same time, this
edition has undergone important revisions providing
• a more integrated, practical link between cartographic
theory and practice for users of GIS, computer mapping,
and graphic design software;
• an improved internal organization within the chapters;
• a NEW chapter on virtual and web mapping (Chapter 16);
• many NEW and updated maps and graphics; and
• an EXPANDED Color Plate section with new map examples
illustrating practical cartographic design principles.
DETAILED CONTENT COVERAGE
The fi ve chapters in Part I provide a foundation for thematic
mapping. Chapter 1 presents the underpinnings of thematic
cartography, including discussion of the various kinds of maps
including qualitative and quantitative thematic maps, map
communication and visualization, and other topics. New additions
include a brief taxonomy of thematic map types, a preview
of the basic map elements, and a discussion on the use of
GIS, mapping, and artistic drawing software. The chapter concludes with a presentation on cartographic abstraction and
generalization and a discussion on ethics in cartography.
Chapters 2 and 3 are still the “projection chapters” but
have been reorganized and rewritten with digital map
compilation in mind. Chapter 2 explores basic geodesy,
coordinate systems, and scale. Included is a discussion of
reference ellipsoids, datum concepts, and a presentation on
the positional shifts of boundaries with the conversion from
North American Datum 1927 (NAD27) to NAD83. The coordinate
system section includes an expanded discussion of
decimal degrees. The chapter concludes by revisiting scale
and its impact on line generalization in digital boundaries.
Chapter 3 examines the map projection process, with particular
attention paid to projections and projection parameter
terminology included in most software, and addresses
the often confusing concept of GIS “projection on the fl y.”
A substantial new component of this chapter includes the
addition of the UTM coordinate system and an updated
discussion of the State Plane coordinate system, with a number
of new fi gures illustrating each. The chapter concludes
with a new discussion on the impact of modifying the standard
parallels and central meridians, which can produce
greater accuracy and an improved aesthetic look to the map.
Chapters 4 and 5 examine the nature and classifi cation of
data. In Chapter 4 , spreadsheet examples are used to visualize
the spatial characteristics and attributes of location. Data
are characterized by their location (point, line, and area) and
by their form. The chapter discusses data based on the characteristic
view (qualitative versus quantitative), spatial view
(discrete versus continuous), and attribute view (totals versus
derived). The cartographer maps data and frequently manipulates
and transforms data from one form or measurement
scaling to another. The relationship between data, map symbology,
and thematic map type is presented in a concise table
that enables the user to translate between data and the visual
variables of map symbolization. Chapter 4 concludes with an
examination of data sources, GIS clearinghouses, and the
United States Census Bureau and Geological Survey. The
reader is presented with a discussion of cartographic errors
that can occur when matching attribute data to location using
FIPS codes. Chapter 5 examines the descriptive statistics of
associated data without presenting information common to
textbooks in statistics. What is reviewed is an overview of a
data set and how the characteristics of the data distribution
can be used in data classifi cation. Nine data classifi cation
schemes are examined prior to linking them with a particular
map form. A summary and comparison of the major classifi
cation techniques is presented using a common data set.
Tables of the data legends and a discussion of advantages and
disadvantages of the schemes provide an overview of the
techniques. The user is cautioned about potential problems
encountered when data sets contain voids, no data designations,
zeros, and the impact of outlier extremes.
Part II examines in six chapters the techniques of quantitative
thematic mapping. Although the internal revisions to
each chapter are substantial, the ordering of this section will
be familiar to users of previous editions. The techniques discussed
include: choropleth mapping ( Chapter 6 ), dot density
mapping ( Chapter 7 ), proportional symbol mapping
( Chapter 8 ), isarithmic and surface mapping ( Chapter 9 ),
value-by-area or cartogram mapping ( Chapter 10 ), and fl ow
mapping ( Chapter 11 ). The most dramatic structural change
within this section is the moving of the classifi cation techniques
from the choropleth mapping chapter to Chapter 5, as
noted previously. Since classifi cation is so integral to the
choropleth technique, there is a new discussion of comparison
of classifi cation methods as applied to choropleth mapping
within Chapter 6. Two other important changes can be
inferred in the modifi cation of chapter titles from the fi fth
edition. In Chapter 7 (dot density mapping), we place a
greater emphasis on mapping total data within enumeration
units. In Chapter 9 (isarithmic and surface mapping), the
discussion has been expanded to include various surfaces. In
all of the chapters in Part II we stressed the importance of
appropriate data associated with each technique. In the section’s
conclusion at the end of Chapter 11, the importance of
selecting the mapping technique based on the type of data
that will be used in the map is emphasized.
Part III looks at the map from the standpoint of its overall
design, the type used to communicate information, and the
use of color for data visualization and aesthetic appeal.
Chapter 12 provides ideas for total map organization and
fi gure-ground relationships. Of the visual design ideas discussed
in this book, an approach to a design problem by way
of having a visual hierarchy plan is the most fundamental
and necessary. The design approach taken in this part specifi
cally targets the page size map in terms of organization of
the visual elements, contrast, and visual acuity. The selection
and use of type on the map is the focus of Chapter 13 . A
series of rules to follow in deciding type placement and positioning
is provided with a series of graphic examples of
how to and how not to label the map. Chapter 14 is completely
redesigned and examines the principles of color for
thematic mapping. The additive and subtractive color theories
are applied to both the printed map and also the map viewed
on the computer monitor. Six color models are examined and
their applications are explored, specifi cally in terms of colors
selected for mapping on the Web. The chapter concludes
with an examination of color in design especially for developing
fi gure-ground associations.
Immediately following the chapters on design, type, and
applications of color, Part IV examines the production of
maps in both the hardcopy, Chapter 15 , and virtual environments,
Chapter 16 . Color plays an important role in both of
these procedures. Desktop printers are examined as the standard
mode of cartographic production for a small number of
copies. For larger quantities, the printing press plays both its
traditional role for sheet-fed and web presses that use printing
plates and offset lithography, as well as the use of digital
printing for direct to press technology. The map production
process is laid out in a six-step process that follows the map
from design and layout to post-press operations
Chapter 16, a totally new chapter in the sixth edition, explores
virtual and web mapping techniques. Both raster and
vector graphic formats and structures are examined including
the popular fi le formats, such as TIFF, JPG, GIF, SVG,
EPS, PDF, and others. Key Internet concepts are presented,
as well as the design constraints imposed by screen resolutions.
Map animation, map interactivity, and cybercartography
are also explored as possible solutions to the virtual
presentation of maps.
Part V contains a single chapter devoted to the development
and design of effective graphs. Graphs are also a product
of GIS, mapping, and artistic software. Just as with maps,
there are guidelines that should be followed to generate a
well-designed graph that communicates the data. Graphs
that are both simple and complex, that have two or three axes
or no axis at all, are explored in Chapter 17 .
KEY FEATURES
Study Aids
Key terms set in bold where they fi rst appear, and defi ned
in the Glossary at the end of each chapter
End-of-chapter selected references
End-of-chapter glossary
Color Plate Section
16-page Color Plate section showing 4-color images
Appendices
Appendix A: Worked Problems
Appendix B: Georgia Data
TEACHING AND LEARNING
SUPPLEMENTS
For Instructors
Website at http://www.mhhe.com/dent6e
The Cartography: Thematic Map Design website offers
a wealth of teaching and learning aids for instructors.
Instructors will appreciate:
• an online Laboratory Manual containing practical,
hands-on ArcGIS exercises
• sample completed maps and answers to accompany the
online lab manual exercises
• access to the online Presentation Center including
illustrations, photographs, and tables from the text in
convenient jpg and PowerPoint format
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For Students
Website at http://www.mhhe.com/dent6e
The Cartography: Thematic Map Design website offers
a wealth of study aids for students, including:
• chapter outlines
• an online lab manual containing practical, hands-on Arc-
GIS exercises
• career opportunities
• links to professional organizations
• links to cartography-related topics