N. Tanaka – Electron Nano-imaging (2017)

Автор: N. Tanaka
Название книги: Electron Nano-imaging
Формат: PDF
Жанр: Нанотехнологии
Страницы: 340
Качество: Изначально компьютерное, E-book

There is no doubt that imaging of nanometer-scaled materials (nano-imaging) is one of the important research areas in science and technology including bioscience. Among various kinds of experimental techniques, electron microscopy is positioned as one of the most effective methods for analyses of atomic structures, compositions, and physical and chemical properties.
The present volume is a textbook on nano-imaging by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) for graduate students and early career researchers. Although there are already many textbooks for TEM, the significance of the present publication is in describing the principle of nano-imaging and I ts application. For this purpose, I have limited my explanation of details of electron diffraction patterns and diffraction contrast of images, and let readers refer to appendices and other references. Instead of such details, I have made efforts to describe the physical meaning of imaging using electrons on the basis of Fourier transform, particularly electrons as waves.
Contents
Nano-imaging by Transmission Electron Microscopy
Seeing Nanometer-Sized World
Structure and Imaging of a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Basic Theories of TEM Imaging
Resolution and Image Contrast of a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
What is High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy?
Lattice Images and Structure Images
Imaging Theory of High-Resolution TEM and Image Simulation
Advanced Transmission Electron Microscopy
Nano-imaging by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
What is Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM)?
Imaging of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM)
Image Contrast and Its Formation Mechanism in STEM
Imaging Theory for STEM
Future Prospects and Possibility of TEM and STEM
Concluding Remarks
Appendix: Basics for Understanding TEM and STEM Imaging
Introduction to Fourier Transforms for TEM and STEM
Imaging by Using a Convex Lens as a Phase Shifter
Contrast Transfer Function of a Transmission Electron Microscope
Complex-Valued Expression of Aberrations of a Round Lens
Cowley’s Theory for TEM and STEM Imaging
Introduction to the Imaging Theory for TEM Including Nonlinear Terms
What are Image Processing Methods?
Elemental Analysis by Electron Microscopes
Electron Beam Damage to Specimens
Scattering of Electrons by an Atom
Electron Diffraction and Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction (CBED)
Bethe’s Method for Dynamical Electron Diffraction
Column Approximation and Howie-Whelan’s Method for Dynamical Electron Diffraction
Van Dyck’s Method for Dynamical Electron Diffraction and Imaging
Eikonal Theory for Scattering of Electrons by a Potential
Debye–Waller Factor and Thermal Diffuse Scattering (TDS)
Relativistic Effects to Diffraction and Imaging by a Transmission Electron Microscope