H. Sharma – Biotechnological Approaches for Pest Management

Автор: H. Sharma
Название книги: Biotechnological Approaches for Pest Management
Формат: PDF
Жанр: Биологические науки
Страницы: 547
Качество: Изначально компьютерное, E-book

This book, Biotechnological Approaches for Pest Management and Ecological Sustainability, is a comprehensive work that deals with a gamut of issues ranging from host plant resistance to insect pests, phenotyping transgenic plants and mapping populations for insect resistance, physico-chemical and molecular markers associated with insect resistance, potential of insect-resistant transgenic crops for pest management, and the use of biotechnological tools for diagnosis of insects and monitoring insect resistance to insecticides. It also covers the use of genetic engineering to produce robust natural enemies and more virulent strains of entomopathogenic microbes, bio-safety of food derived from genetically engineered plants, detection of transgene(s) in food and food products, and the potential application of the modern tools of biotechnology for pest management and sustainable crop production.
This valuable book comes at a time when alternative strategies are urgently needed to deal with biotic stresses to ensure a food secure future. It will serve as a useful source of information to students, scientists, NGOs, administrators, and research planners in the 21st century.
Foreword.
Preface.
Pest Management and the Environment.
Introduction.
Pest Management Components.
Integrated Pest Management.
Is Genetic Engineering of Plants and Biocontrol Agents an Answer?
Conclusions.
References.
Applications of Biotechnology in Agriculture: The Prospects.
Introduction.
The Genomics Revolution.
Genetic Transformation.
Genetic Improvement of Entomopathogenic Microorganisms.
Genetic Improvement of Natural Enemies.
Application of Biotechnology in Biosystematics and Diagnostics.
Exploitation of Male-sterility and Apomixis.
Conclusions.
References.
Evaluation of Transgenic Plants and Mapping Populations for Resistance to Insect Pests.
Introduction.
Techniques to Screen for Resistance to Insects under Natural Infestation.
Techniques to Screen for Resistance to Insects under Artificial Infestation.
Bioassay of Transgenic Plants for Resistance to Insects.
Phenotyping Mapping Populations for Resistance to Insects.
Measurement of Host Plant Resistance to Insects.
Selection Indices.
Conclusions.
References.
Host Plant Resistance to Insects: Potential and Limitations.
Introduction.
Identification and Utilization of Resistance.
Wild Relatives of Crops as Sources of Resistance to Insects.
Inducible Resistance.
Factors Affecting Expression of Resistance to Insects.
Influence of HPR on Pest Population Dynamics and Economic Injury Levels.
Host Plant Resistance in Integrated Pest Management.
Advantages of HPR.
Limitations of HPR.
Conclusions.
References.
Mechanisms and Inheritance of Resistance to Insect Pests.
Introduction.
Mechanisms of Resistance to Insects.
Breeding for Resistance to Insect Pests.
Genetic Basis of Resistance.
Genetics and Inheritance of Resistance to Insect Pests.
Conclusions.
References.
Physico-Chemical and Molecular Markers for Resistance to Insect Pests.
Introduction.
Mapping Populations.
Physico-chemical Markers Associated with Resistance to Insects.
Molecular Markers.
Molecular Markers Linked to Insect Resistance in Different Crops.
Gene Synteny.
Molecular Markers and Metabolic Pathways.
The Transgenic Approach and Gene Pyramiding through MAS.
Marker-Assisted versus Phenotypic Selection.
Conclusions.
References.
Genetic Transformation of Crops for Resistance to Insect Pests.
Introduction.
Genetic Transformation: The Protocols.
Gene Expression.
Genetic Transformation of Crop Plants for Resistance to Insects.
Inducible Resistance.
Gene Pyramiding.
Conclusions.
References.
Genetic Engineering of Entomopathogenic Microbes for Pest Management.
Introduction.
Natural versus Engineered Microbes.
Genetic Engineering of Microbes.
Entomopathogenic Bacteria.
Entomopathogenic Fungi.
Entomopathogenic Protozoa.
Entomopathogenic Nematodes.
Biosafety Considerations for Using Genetically Engineered Microbes.
Conclusions.
References.
Genetic Engineering of Natural Enemies for Integrated Pest Management.
Introduction.
Techniques for Genetic Engineering of Arthropods.
Vectors for Genetic Engineering of Arthropods.
Genetic Improvement of Beneficial Arthropods.
Dominant Repressible Lethal Genetic System.
Markers and Promoters.
Environmental Release and Potential Risks.
Conclusions.
References.
Deployment of Insect-Resistant Transgenic Crops for Pest Management: Potential and Limitations.
Introduction.
Progress in Development of Insect-Resistant Transgenic Crops.
Advantages and Limitations of Insect-Resistant Transgenic Crops.
Conclusions.
References.
Transgenic Resistance to Insects: Interactions with Nontarget Organisms.
Introduction.
Bt Sprays, Transgenic Plants, and Nontarget Organisms.
Interaction of Transgenic Crops with Nontarget Organisms: Protocols for Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Transgenic Plants.
Influence of Transgenic Crops on Diversity of Nontarget Organisms.
Influence of Transgenic Crops on Activity and Abundance of Pollinators.
Interaction of Transgenic Crops with Predators.
Interaction of Transgenic Crops with Parasitoids.
Interactions of Transgenic Plants with Fauna and Flora in the Rhizosphere.
Conclusions.
References.
Development of Resistance to Transgenic Plants and Strategies for Resistance Management.
Introduction.
Factors Influencing Insect Susceptibility to Bt Toxins.
Detection, Development, and Monitoring of Resistance.
Mechanisms of Resistance.
Genetics of Resistance.
Strategies for Resistance Management.
Simulation Models for Resistance Management.
Conclusions.
References.
Transgenic Resistance to Insects: Gene Flow.
Introduction.
Role of Pollinators in Gene Flow.
Role of Viruses in Gene Flow.
Gene Flow into the Wild Relatives of Crops: Vertical Gene Flow.
Development of Resistance to Antibiotics: Horizontal Gene Flow.
Gene Flow, Selection Pressure, and Enhanced Fitness of Herbivores.
Gene Flow and Genetic Purity of Crops.
Gene Flow and the Centers of Genetic Diversity.
Gene Flow and Aquatic Environments.
Management of Gene Flow.
Conclusions.
References.
Transgenic Resistance to Insects: Nature of Risk and Risk Management.
Introduction.
Assessment of Risk to Agriculture.
Assessment of Nature of Risk to the Environment.
Risk Assessment.
Conclusions.
References.
Biosafety of Food from Genetically Modified Crops.
Introduction.
Biosafety Assessment of Food from Genetically Modified Crops.
Toxicological Effects and Metabolism of the Transgene Products.
DNA Transfer from Transgenic Food to Microorganisms/Humans.
Allergenic Effects.
Public Attitude to Food from Transgenic Plants.
Role of the Scientific Community, NGOs, and the Media.
Conclusions.
References.
Detection and Monitoring of Food and Food Products Derived from Genetically Modified Crops.
Introduction.
Sampling for Detection of Genetically Modified Food.
Detection of Genetically Modified Foods.
Monitoring of Genetically Modified Food and Food Labeling.
Conclusions.
References.
Molecular Markers for Diagnosis of Insect Pests and Their Natural Enemies.
Introduction.
Molecular Tools for Diagnosis of Insect Pests.
Application of Molecular Markers for Insect Diagnosis.
Application of Molecular Markers for Studying Population Genetics.
Application of Molecular Markers for Studying Social Behavior of Insects.
Molecular Basis of Insect–Plant Interactions.
Application of Molecular Markers to Understand Functional Genomics of Insects.
Detection of Natural Enemy–Insect Host Interactions.
Conclusions.
References.
Molecular Techniques for Developing New Insecticide Molecules and Monitoring Insect Resistance to Insecticides.
Introduction.
Development of New Insecticide Molecules.
Molecular Markers for Monitoring Insect Resistance to Insecticides.
Conclusions.
References.
Biotechnology, Pest Management, and the Environment: The Future.
Introduction.
Genetic Engineering of Crops for Resistance to Insect Pests.
Genetic Improvement of Natural Enemies.
Genetic Improvement of Entomopathogenic Microorganisms.
Molecular Markers, Biosystematics, and Diagnostics.
Development of New Insecticide Molecules and Monitoring Insect Resistance to Insecticides.
Marker-Assisted Selection and the Genomics Revolution.
Transgenic Crops and the Environment.
Biosafety of Food from Transgenic Crops.
Conclusions.
References.
Species Index.