S. Fakirov – Nano-Size Polymers (2016)

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Автор: S. Fakirov
Название книги: Nano-Size Polymers
Формат: PDF
Жанр: Нанотехнологии
Страницы: 399
Качество: Изначально компьютерное, E-book

Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies are part of the most attractive areas of scientific research and commercial interest because they offer new opportunities for improving human life. Nanomaterials are materials with morphological features on the nano-range, which usually are defined as smaller than one-tenth of a micrometer in at least one direction, with special properties that stem from their nanoscale dimensions. A common characteristic of all nano-size materials, regardless of their chemical composition and method of preparation, is the extremely large ratio of surface area to volume. The natural tendency to reduce this free surface is the driving force for agglomeration of nanoparticles into larger formations.
Nanomaterials are not new—they have been used for many centuries, but it is only in recent decades that their unique properties were demonstrated at the nano-scale, where quantum effects are possible. A revolutionary discovery in nanoscience was the preparation of carbon nanotubes. It turned out that this all-carbon material is the ideal material—it has the highest heat conductivity, electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, etc.—and thus attracted the attention of researchers from various fields, including polymer science and technology. For example, with tensile moduli in the terapascal range and lengths exceeding 10 μ of carbon nanotubes, simple composite models predict order-of-magnitude enhancement in modulus at loadings less than 1 %. For this reason, a decade ago, it was believed that the most common polymer composites comprising about 30 % glass fibers will be replaced by the nanocomposites having only 2–5 % nano-size filler as reinforcement! Unfortunatelly, this has proved to be elusive.
Contents
Introduction
Nanostructured and Nano-size Polymer Materials: How to Generate Them and Do We Need Them?
Chemical Approaches for Preparation of Nano-size Polymers
Nano-sized Polymer Structures via Self-assembly and Co-assembly Approaches
Direct Synthesis of Nano-size Polymers by Microemulsion Polymerization
Physical Approaches for Preparation of Nano-size Polymers
Electrospinning: Current Status and Future Trends
Isolation of Cellulose Nanowhiskers and Their Nanocomposites
From Polymer Blends to Nano-size Materials with Controlled Nanomorphology
Electrospun Polymer Nanofiber Separators and Electrolyte Membranes for Energy Storage and Conversion Applications
Converting of Bulk Polymers into Nanofibrils via Hot Stretching of Polymer Blends
Nano-size Polymers via Precipitation of Polymer Solutions
Fabrication and Properties of Spin-Coated Polymer Films
Application Opportunities of Nano-size Polymers
Electrospinning—Commercial Applications, Challenges and Opportunities
Nanofibrillar Single Polymer Composites: Preparation and Mechanical Properties
Template-Assisted Approaches for Preparation of Nano-sized Polymer Structures

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