M. Aggour – Petroleum and Gas Field Processing (2016)

Автор: M. Aggour
Название книги: Petroleum and Gas Field Processing (2016)
Формат: PDF
Жанр: Нефтегазовая промышленность
Страницы: 409
Качество: Изначально компьютерное, E-book

Many oil production processes present a significant challenge to the oil and gas field processing facilities and equipment design. The optimization of the sequential operations of handling the oil–gas mixture can be a major factor in increasing oil and gas production rates and reducing operating costs.
Petroleum and Gas Field Processing provides an all-inclusive guide to surface petroleum operations and solves these and other problems encountered in the field processing of oil and gas. Fully revised and updated to reflect major changes over the past decade or so, this second edition builds on the success attained in the first edition. It delivers an expanded and updated treatment that covers the principles and procedures related to the processing of reservoir fluids for the separation, handling, treatment, and production of quality petroleum oil and gas products.
With five new chapters, this second edition covers additional subjects, in particular natural gas, economics and profitability, oil field chemicals, and piping and pumps. The book also contains worked-out examples and case studies from a variety of oil field operations.
Table of Contents
BACKGROUND
Oil and Gas from Formation to Production
Introduction
Formation and Accumulation of Oil and Gas
Life Cycle of Oil and Gas Fields
Finding Oil and Gas: Exploration
Types of Petroleum Reservoirs
Development of Oil and Gas Fields
Drilling Engineering and Operations
Reservoir Engineering Role and Functions
Production Engineering: Role and Functions
Principal Field Processing Operations: A Preview
Gas–Oil Separation
Oil Dehydration and Emulsion Treatment
Desalting
Stabilization and Sweetening
Storage Tanks
Gas Sweetening
Gas Dehydration
Recovery and Separation of Natural Gas Liquids
Fractionation of Natural Gas Liquids
Composition, Types of Crude Oil, and Oil Products
Introduction: Facts about Crude Oil
Crude Oil Composition
Classification of Crude Oils
Crude Oil Comparisons and Crude Oil Assay
Crude Oil Products
Composition and Characteristics of Natural Gas
Background
Sources and Origin of Natural Gas
Composition
Properties and Gas Specs
Natural Gas Processing
Applications and Uses
Role of Economics in Oil and Gas Field Operations
Depreciation and Depletion in Oil Production
Total Production Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas
Financial Measures and Profitability Analysis
SEPARATION OF PRODUCED FLUIDS
Two-Phase Gas–Oil Separation
Introduction
How to Handle the Separation Problem
How to Explain Theory of Gas–Oil Separation
Methods Used in Separation
Gas–Oil Separation Equipment
Design Principles and Sizing of Gas–Oil Separators
Optimum Pressure for Gas–Oil Separators
Selections and Performance of Gas–Oil Separators
Flash Calculations
Three-Phase Oil–Water–Gas Separators
Introduction
Three-Phase Horizontal Separators
Three-Phase Vertical Separators
Separation Theory
Separator Sizing Equations and Rules
CRUDE OIL TREATMENT
Emulsion Treatment and Dehydration of Crude Oil
Introduction
Oil Emulsions
Dehydration/Treating Processes
Heating
Chemical Treatment
Electrical Aid
Chemielectric Dehydrators (Emulsion Treaters)
Design of Treaters
Desalting of Crude Oil
Introduction
Salt Content of Crude Oil
Description of the Desalting Process
Electrostatic Desalting
Water of Dilution
Effect of Operating Parameters
Design Considerations
Troubleshooting
Stabilization and Sweetening of Crude Oil
Introduction
Stabilization Processes
Types of Trayed Stabilizers
Nonrefluxed Stabilizers
Main Features and Applications of Stabilizers
Crude Oil Sweetening
Other Treatment Options
Introduction
Case 1: Economic Treatment for Market Value Added (MVA)
Case 2: Economic Treatment for Sales Value Added (SVA)
Case 3: Other Treatments
GAS HANDLING AND TREATMENT
Sour Gas Treatment
Introduction
Gas-Sweetening Processes
Selection of Sweetening Process
Batch Processes
Liquid-Phase Processes
Direct Conversion Processes
Gas Dehydration
Introduction
Prediction of Hydrate Formation
Methods Used to Inhibit Hydrate Formation
Absorption (Glycol Dehydration Process)
Adsorption: Solid-Bed Dehydration
Simulation Problem for Triethylene Glycol (TEG) Dehydrator
Separation and Production of Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs)
Introduction
Recovery and Separation of NGLs
Fractionation of NGLs
Synthesis of Separation (Distillation) Sequences
NGL Products
SURFACE PRODUCTION FACILITIES
Produced Water Management and Disposal
Background
Produced Water Quality Characterization
Produced Water Treatment System
Water Treatment Equipment.
Offshore Water Disposal Equipment.
Design of Water Treatment and Disposal Equipment
Field Storage Tanks, Vapor Recovery System (VRS), and Tank Blanketing
Field Storage Tanks
Vapor Recovery System
Tank Blanketing
Oil Field Chemicals (OFC)
Introduction
Evaluation and Selection
Classification of Chemicals
Corrosion Inhibitors and Scale Inhibitors
Biocides
De-Emulsifiers
Surfactants
Desalting Chemicals
Pour Point Depressants
Chemicals Used in Gas Treatment and Processing
Piping and Pumps
Pipelines
Pumps