T. Begley – Wiley Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology

Автор: T. Begley
Название книги: Wiley Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology
Формат: PDF
Жанр: Биохимия
Страницы: 2514
Качество: Изначально компьютерное, E-book

The Wiley Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology is an authoritative new work whose goal is to illuminate the crucial role of chemistry and chemical techniques in the life sciences. The encyclopedia will adopt an inclusive editorial approach, encompassing fundamental and blue-sky science as well as those areas of research that have more immediate medical or commercial applications. The scope and structure of the work will reflect the multidimensional character of chemical biology, focusing in particular on the fundamental science of biological structures and systems, the use of chemical and biological techniques to elucidate that science, and the applications of this knowledge in areas as diverse as drug discovery, sensor technology, and catalysis.
Major topics areas covered in the encyclopedia:

Chemical Views of Biology
Biomolecules within the Cell
Chemistry of Biological Processes and Systems
Chemical Biology of Cellular Compartments
Synthetic Molecules as Tools for Chemical Biology
Technologies and Techniques in Chemical Biology
Applications of Chemical Biology

1 Applications of Chemical Biology
1.1 Biomaterials
Biocompatibility of Materials Used in Medical Devices, Methods For Evaluating 15
Controlled Drug Delivery: Pharmacokinetic Considerations, Methods and Systems 23
1.2 Biotechnology
Directed Evolution, Novel and Improved Enzymes through 33
1.3 Chemical Biology of Disease
Anxiety Disorders: Macromolecular Pathways and Interactions 43
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Inflammatory Mechanisms of 58
Depression, Chemical Mechanisms of 69
Hemozoin: A Paradigm for Biominerals in Disease 82
Hypoxic Response and Associated Diseases 93
Lysosomal Disorders 108
Metabolic Diseases, Biological Mechanisms of 119
Mitochondrial Medicine, Biochemical Evaluation of Mitochondrial Function 132
Protein Misfolding and Disease, Chemical Biology of 140
Protein Trafficking Diseases, Small Molecule Approaches to 153
Saliva in Health and Disease, Chemical Biology of 162
Schizophrenia, Biological Mechanisms of 171
Systems Approach to Studying Disease 181
1.4 Pharmacology and Drug Discovery
ADME Properties of Drugs 189
Allergy and Asthma, Small Molecules to Target 196
Lead Optimization in Drug Discovery 204
Metals in Medicine, Imaging Agents 213
Natural Products as Anticancer Agents 222
Pharmaceutical Industry, Biocatalysts and Chemocatalysts 234
Plant‐Derived Natural Products Research, Recent Progress in Drug Discovery Based on 249
Platinum Anticancer Drugs, Chemical Biology of 271
Programmed Cell Death as a Therapeutic Approach 281
RNA Interference to Treat Human Diseases, Applications of 289
Transcription‐Based Therapeutics 300
2 Biomolecules within the Cell
2.1 Glycans (Carbohydrates)
Chemistry of Neoglycoproteins 310
Glycan Biosynthesis in Mammals 320
Glycosphingolipids, Chemistry of 336
Starch Biosynthesis In Plants 356
2.2 Lipids
Chemistry of Lipid Domains 371
Essential Fatty Acids, Physiologic and Clinical Significance of 376
Lipid Bilayers, Properties of 395
Lipids, Chemical Diversity of 410
Lipids, Organization and Aggregation of 424
Lipids, Phase Transitions of 437
2.3 Natural Products
Alkaloid Biosynthesis 452
Chlorophylls and Carotenoids, Chemistry of
Cofactor Biosynthesis 479
Lantibiotics, Biosynthesis and Mode of Action 494
Marine Natural Products, Chemical Diversity of 503
Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway for the Formation of Isoprene Units 525
Natural Products: An Overview 533
Natural Products in Plants, Chemical Diversity of 542
Pharmaceuticals: Natural Products and Natural Product Models 559
Polyketide Biosynthesis, Fungi 579
Polyketide Biosynthesis, Modular Polyketide Synthases 590
Polyketide Biosynthesis, Polyethers 604
Terpenoids in Plant Signaling, Chemical Ecology 616
Terpenoids in Plants 624
The Biology and Biochemistry of Steroid Hormones 634
2.4 Nucleic Acids
Catalytic Modes in Natural Ribozymes 650
Chemical Damage to Nucleic Acids 661
DNA Transposition: Topics in Chemical Biology 675
Group II Introns: Structure, Function, and Catalysis 683
Noncoding RNAs 691
RNA Stability, Chemistry, Measurement and Modulation of 702
Watson–Crick Base Pairs, Character and Recognition of 715
2.5 Proteins
Approaches to Enzyme Inhibition 726
B12‐Dependent Enzyme Reactions, Chemistry of 745
Biosynthesis of Nonribosomal Peptides 754
Chemical Properties of Amino Acids 763
Chemical Strategies for Enzyme Catalysis 774
Chemistry of CoA‐Dependent Enzymes 785
Collagen Triple Helix, Stability of 794
Enzyme Kinetics 805
Flavin‐Mediated Hydroxylation Reactions 813
Flavoenzymes, Chemistry of 823
Membrane Proteins, Properties of 834
NAD(P) Dependent Dehydrogenases 844
Naturally Occurring Peptide Hormones and Neurotransmitters, Synthesis of 854
Oxygen‐Activating Enzymes, Chemistry of 884
PLP‐Dependent Enzymes, Chemistry of 896
Proteins: Computational Analysis of Structure, Function, and Stability 902
Proteins, Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity of 910
The Chemistry of Metallo‐Enzymes and Metallo‐Proteins 926
Transient State Enzyme Kinetics 934
2.6 Water
Electron Transfer, Chemical Roles of Water in 943
Hydration Forces 952
Nucleic Acids, Hydration of 961
Roles of Water in Biological Recognition Processes 969
Water, Properties of 977
3 Chemical Biology of Cellular Compartments
3.1 Chemical Biology of Cellular Compartments
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Topics in Chemical Biology 986
3.2 Concepts of Cell Organization
Cellular Organization of Metabolism
3.3 Dynamics of Cellular Compartments
Cellular Membranes, Dynamics of 1002
Membrane Compartments Related to Signaling and Trafficking in Immune Cells 1012
Membranes, Fluidity of 1023
Microtubule Dynamics 1037
Receptor‐Mediated Endocytosis 1045
4 Chemical Views of Biology
4.1 Inorganic Chemistry in Biology
Inorganic Chemistry in Biology 1058
4.2 Nature: A Model System for Chemists
Nature: A Model System for Chemists 1067
4.3 Physical Chemistry in Biology
Physical Chemistry in Biology 1075
5 Chemistry of Biological Processes and Systems
5.1 Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle, Regulation of 1082
Cell Death, Biological Mechanisms and Small Molecule Inhibitors of 1095
Cell Division, Small Molecules to Study 1113
Chromosome Formation 1124
5.2 DNA Damage and Repair
Chemistry of DNA Damage Repair 1130
Sensing of DNA Damage 1141
5.3 DNA Replication and Recombination
Bacterial DNA polymerases, Chemistry of 1148
DNA Helicases, Chemistry and Mechanisms of 1159
Nonhomologous Recombination 1170
5.4 Membrane Transport
Ca2+‐ATPase/Ca2+ Pump, Chemistry of 1179
Chemistry of Bacteriorhodopsin 1186
Drug Transport in Living Systems 1191
Ion Channels in Medicine 1201
Mechanosensitive Channels 1211
Passive Diffusion Across Membranes 1218
5.5 Metabolism
Chemistry of Lipid Homeostasis 1228
Electron Transfer Chemistry in Photosynthesis 1237
Metabolomics: Topics in Chemical Biology 1244
Pentose Phosphate Pathway: An Overview 1254
Systems Approach to Metabolism 1266
Xenobiotic Metabolism 1274
5.6 Metals in Biology
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases, Chemistry of 1285
Hemes in Biology 1292
Human Hemoglobin: Identification of a Key Intermediate 1302
Metal Homeostasis 1310
Metalloregulatory Proteins 1320
5.7 Molecular Recognition
Carbohydrate–Carbohydrate Interactions
Molecular Recognition, Computation and Modeling of 1337
Receptor–Ligand Interactions in Biological Systems 1347
5.8 Neurochemistry
Neuropeptides, Chemical Activity Profiling and Proteomic Approaches for 1361
Neurotransmission, Measuring Chemical Events in 1373
Neurotransmitter: Release 1385
5.9 Origins of Life
Iron‐Sulfur World, Origin of life in an 1397
Origins of Life: Emergence of Amino Acids 1405
Origins of Life: Emergence of the RNA World 1412
5.10 PostTranslational
Modifications
Chemistry of AdoMet‐Dependent Methyltransferases 1424
Chemistry of Fatty Acid Desaturases 1434
Chemistry of Protein Kinases and Dephosphorylases 1441
Cytosolic Glycosylated Proteins, Chemistry of 1449
Glycosylation of Proteins in the Golgi Apparatus 1457
Glycosyltransferases, Chemistry of 1472
Post‐Translational Modifications to Regulate Protein Function 1485
5.11 Protein Folding
Molecular Chaperones 1516
Protein Misfolding, Amyloid Formation 1523
5.12 Proteolysis
Intramembrane Proteolysis 1531
Metalloproteinases, Biophysics and Chemistry of 1544
Protease Inhibitors, Mechanisms of 1555
Serine Protease and Serine Protease Inhibitors 1567
Thrombin 1575
5.13 SelfOrganization
Nucleobase Self‐Assembly Codes, Constitutional Transcription of 1580
5.14 Sensing
Olfaction: Topics in Chemical Biology 1591
Protein and DNA Thermostability, Physics and Evolution of 1601
Symbiosis: Topics in Chemical Biology 1612
Taste: Topics in Chemical Biology 1625
5.15 Signal Transduction and Cellular Communication
Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics 1637
Calcium Signaling: Encoding and Decoding 1656
Chemical Molecules that Regulate Transcription and Facilitate Cell‐to‐Cell Communication 1666
Extracellular Lipid Signals 1677
Hormone Signaling 1684
Inositol Phospholipids, Biosynthesis and Biological Functions of 1694
Inositol Polyphosphates 1700
Integrin Signaling, Bidirectional‐Signaling of 1712
Isoprostanes 1725
Large G‐Proteins 1734
Mathematical Modeling of Biological Signaling Networks 1743
Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs): ERKs, JNKs, and p38s 1752
Nitric Oxide, Biological Targets of 1760
Nuclear Receptors, Chemistry of 1768
Quorum Sensing 1778
Ras Oncoproteins, Structure, Biochemistry, and Biology of 1787
Signaling Networks in Biology
5.16 Transcription
Attenuation, Control of Gene Expression by 1810
Epigenetic Modifications 1822
Pre‐mRNA splicing 1835
RNA Interference, Mechanisms and Proteins Involved in 1845
Transcription Factors 1855
5.17 Translation
Chemistry of Aminoacyl‐tRNA Synthetases 1873
Translational Recoding 1885
6 Synthetic Molecules as Tools for Chemical Biology
6.1 Small Molecules
Chemical Libraries: Screening for Biologically Active Small Molecules 1895
Cyclooxygenase Inhibition, Recent Advances in the Mechanisms of 1906
Forward Chemical Genetics 1914
Metallointercalators as Probes of DNA Recognition and Reactions 1931
Phosphate Mimics, Cyclic Compounds as 1943
Small Molecule Inhibitors, Design and Selection of 1958
Small Molecules to Control Stem Cell Fates 1971
6.2 Synthetic Biology and Chemistry
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Biomolecules 1979
6.3 Synthetic Glycans
Catalytic Antibodies: Past, Present, and Future 1987
Enzymatic Synthesis of Carbohydrate‐Containing Biomolecules 2004
Key Strategies for Glycan Synthesis 2026
6.4 Synthetic Lipids
Synthetic Sphingolipids as Bioactive Molecules: Roles in Regulation of Cell Function 2038
6.5 Synthetic Nucleic Acids
In Vitro Selection and Application of Nucleic Acid Enzymes (Ribozymes and Deoxyribozymes) 2063
Locked Nucleic Acids 2080
Nucleosides in RNA, Modified 2087
Peptide Nucleic Acids 2101
6.6 Synthetic Proteins to Explore Biology
Artificial Metalloproteins, Design and Engineering of 2111
Click Peptides, Design and Applications of 2121
Coupling Methods for Peptide Synthesis 2126
Lipidated Peptide Synthesis 2135
Peptide Combinatorial Libraries 2146
Peptidomimetics 2159
Synthetic Chemistry: Formation of the Amide Bond 2171
Synthetic Peptides and Proteins to Elucidate Biological Function 2188
Unnatural Amino Acids to Investigate Biologic Processes 2199
7 Technologies and Techniques in Chemical Biology
7.1 Cells and Complex Cellular Systems: Methods for Characterization
Membrane Potentials in Living Systems, Tools to Measure 2210
NMR‐Based Metabolomics Technology in Biomarker Research 2220
7.2 General Techniques, Overview of Applications in Chemical Biology
Combinatorial Libraries: Overview of Applications in Chemical Biology 2233
Fluorescent Labeling and Fluorescent Spectroscopy: Overview of Applications in Chemical
Biology
High Throughput Screening (HTS) Techniques: Overview of Applications in Chemical Biology 2266
Microarrays in Chemical Biology 2281
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy: Overview of Applications in Chemical
Biology 2292
Supported Lipid Bilayers: Development and Applications in Chemical Biology 2316
7.3 Glycans: Methods for Characterization
Array‐Based Techniques for Glycans 2328
Glycan Sequencing and Data Integration for Glycomics 2340
7.4 Lipids: Methods for Characterization
Differential Scanning Calorimetry to Study Lipids and Lipid Membranes 2352
Lipidomics 2364
NMR of Lipids 2373
7.5 Nucleic Acids: Methods for Characterization
DNA Polymorphisms, Tools for Detection of 2383
Fluorescence Techniques for Nucleic Acids 2395
Transcript Profiling, Tools for 2404
7.6 Proteins: Methods for Characterization
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Enzymology 2414
Fluorescence Techniques for Proteins 2425
Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) for Proteins 2436
Mass Spectrometry, Applications in Phosphoproteomics 2451
Membrane Protein Structure, Techniques to Study 2458
NMR for Proteins 2471
Two‐ and Three‐Hybrid Systems 2482
7.7 Small Molecules: Methods for Characterization
Computational Approaches in Drug Discovery and Development 2496
Pharmacokinetics of Drug Candidates, Determination of