V. Shevelko – Atomic Processes in Basic and Applied Physics (2012)

Автор: V. Shevelko
Название книги: Atomic Processes in Basic and Applied Physics
Формат: PDF
Жанр: Физика
Страницы: 495
Качество: Изначально компьютерное, E-book

The book is a comprehensive edition which considers the interactions of atoms, ions and molecules with charged particles, photons and laser fields and reflects the present understanding of atomic processes such as electron capture, target and projectile ionisation, photoabsorption and others occurring in most of laboratory and astrophysical plasma sources including many-photon and many-electron processes. The material consists of selected papers written by leading scientists in various fields.

This book is aimed at providing an overview of modern atomic, plasma, and
accelerator physics and their applications such as inertial thermonuclear fusion,
tumor therapy, industrial plasmas, and others. It is a comprehensive edition which
considers the interactions of atoms, ions, and molecules with charged particles,
photons, and laser fields and reflects the present understanding of atomic processes
such as electron capture, ionization, recombination, and other processes occurring
in most sources of laboratory and astrophysical plasmas.
Although atomic physics and related basic atomic processes have a very long
history in the developing course of general modern and precision physics, they
are still providing, through newly developed techniques, important new and the
most accurate information in basic physics itself as well as related fields such
as astrophysics which includes hitherto unknown and unanalyzed phenomena,
giving a new understanding and new material production. Some of the most
striking applications of the modern atomic physics are associated with cancer/tumor
therapy, which ensures curing some illnesses, incurable so far with even modern
medicines/medical techniques,with fusion reactions for the future power-generating
industrial tokamak devices and with industrial plasmas used for effective production
of microchips and integrated circuits.
In some respect, this book is a continuation of a previous series of the books such
as Physics of Highly Charged Ions (R.K. Janev, L.P. Presnyakov, and V.P. Shevelko,
Springer, Berlin, 1985), Atomic Physics with Heavy Ions (H. Beyer, V.P. Shevelko,
eds., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1999), Introduction to the Physics of Highly
Charged Ions (H. Beyer and V.P. Shevelko, IOP, Bristol, 2003), and The Physics
of Multiply and Highly Charged Ions (F.J. Currell, ed., Kluwer Academic Pub.,
Dordrecht, Boston, London, 2003). However, the present book deals not only with
highly charged ions but also with low-charged positive as well as negative ions and
neutral atoms.
The book consists of 4 parts including about 18 chapters presented by active
specialists from Germany, Russia, USA, Japan, France, Brazil, and Korea.
In Part I, entitled Atomic Processes in Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas,
the importance of atomic processes in plasmas is considered. The ball lightning
phenomenon has a very long history of observation which has been seen by many
people since the human was born on Earth. However, it is very complicated and
involves not only various atomic processes but also a series of unexplained and
unknown phenomena a deep understanding of which is still far from complete
although new modeling experiments and analysis are being performed.
Through recent precision measurements of new electron recombination processes
are investigated in laboratory plasma sources, many mysteries of the dark
matter in and near black holes and in the supernova are being unraveled presently
and thus providing new astrophysical information and understanding.
Naturally, understanding of hot coronal plasmas in the Sun and astro-plasmas
needs the exact and new knowledge of various collision and radiative processes
involving highly ionized atoms based upon new spectroscopic observations.
Various atomic processes are investigated in the laboratory plasmas required for
injection of a neutral beam into the core of magnetically confined plasmas as well as
for investigations of dusty plasmas including strong collective plasma interactions.
In Part II, Atomic Heavy-Particle Collisions, atomic charge-changing processes
in collisions of heavy ions with neutral atoms are considered (electron capture, loss,
ionization, and excitation) over a wide collision energy range including relativistic
energies. The data on the corresponding cross sections of these processes are
required in many fields of atomic accelerator, and plasma physics such as heavyion
fusion (HIF), heavy-particle tumor therapy, and heavy-ion probe beam (HIPB)
diagnostics in plasma devices as well as for design of accelerator machines. In
particular, the international facility for antiproton and ion research (FAIR) project
started in 2011 at GSI, Darmstadt, requires benchmarks for the cross sections of
such collision processes because these reactions play a major role in the ion-beam
loss processes during acceleration/storage.
Part II also includes recent new studies of ion-pair formation and resonantquenching
processes in slow collisions between the highly excited (Rydberg) atoms
and the ground-state atoms with small electron affinities. The theory presented is
based on the general approach for transition matrix elements between the ionic and
Rydberg-covalent states of a diatomic quasimolecular system using the momentum
representation for highly excited electron wave functions and the technique of the
nonreduced tensor operators. The results are illustrated by numerical calculations of
the ion-pair production processes in slow collisions of Rydberg Ne(ns) and Ne(nd)
atoms with the ground-state alkaline-earth atoms.
Part III, Atomic X-Ray Physics for Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas, deals
with atomic processes involving X-ray radiation.
Diagnostic methods for hot laboratory (tokamak) and astrophysical (solar
corona) plasmas are considered based on X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (XUV)
emission spectra of highly charged ions in plasmas and the modern methods
of atomic data on spectral and collisional ion characteristics which allows
one to determine various physical parameters of the emitting plasmas (density,
temperature, ion-charge states and fractions, etc.).
Accurate data of dielectronic recombination (DR) reactions are presented on the
basis of experimental studies recently carried out at the heavy-ion storage rings ESR, in Darmstadt and TSR in Heidelberg, and latest progress in applications of the
DR processes as a tool for precision spectroscopy required in astrophysics, plasma
physics, fundamental interactions, atomic, and nuclear physics is also presented.
The observed data of the accurate DR cross sections and energies for a few-electron
ions presented can be explained using calculations performed with a high precision
up to the level of the QED theory.
Recent experiments carried out by the new X-ray free-electron laser at Freeelectron
LASer Hamburg (FLASH) as one of the first soft X-ray FEL sources
open possibilities to completely new fields on photo–matter interactions such as
sequential and nonsequential multiphoton ionization of the gas phase targets and
linear and nonlinear photoionization processes which can be used for online photon
diagnostics at new radiation sources.
Finally, in Part IV, entitled Atomic Data Applications and Databases, some
important applications are considered such as heavy-ion radiotherapy using highenergy
carbon-ion beams and the use of industrial plasma for production of the
electronic integrated circuits (IC). The clinical results of high energy carbon tumor
therapy, performed at heavy ion medical accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC), Japan,
are presented, and some developments of a new scintillation counter system are
discussed for simultaneousmeasurements of the radiation dose and quality of heavyion
beams.
New industrial materials are being investigated and produced through industrial
plasma sources using precise knowledge of atomic and molecular processes and
collision processes, particular for producing microchips and IC.
A review on various theories for plasma diagnostics based on the broadening of
spectral lines in magnetized plasmas using the Stark and Doppler broadenings is
also presented.
A production of an ultracold ion beam with very low longitudinal and transverse
temperatures is studied using stochastic, electron, and laser cooling to realize an
antiproton beam in order to create a weak boson beam contributing very much to
new elementary particle physics.
Detailed information on existing atomic and molecular data banks, that is, about
radiative and collisional properties of atoms, ions, and molecules interacting with
atomic/ionic particles (electrons, atoms, and ions) and photons, can be found in the
last chapter of the book.
We are grateful to all the contributors to the book who presented a recent progress
in atomic process physics and its applications achieved in the last 10 years, both
experimentally and theoretically.