V. Katch – Exercise Physiology (7th edition)

Автор: V. Katch
Название книги: Exercise Physiology (7th edition)
Формат: PDF
Жанр: Спорт
Страницы: 1106
Качество: Изначально компьютерное, E-book

As in the publication of the first edition of Exercise
Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance in
1981, this seventh edition reflects our continued commitment
to integrate the concepts and science of the different disciplines
that contribute to a more comprehensive understanding
and appreciation of modern-day exercise physiology.
Consistent with previous editions, we believe firmly that the
content domain of exercise physiology must be predicated on
the logical and natural flow of basic knowledge concerning
nutrient-energy intake, nutrient-energy metabolism, and systems
physiology as related to submaximal and maximal
human movement. Current concepts of energy balance intimately
link the role of physical inactivity to the “creeping
obesity” epidemic that continues to afflict the world’s population.
We are encouraged that the medical establishment and
governmental agencies have finally acknowledged regular
physical activity as an important weapon in the armamentarium
for prevention and rehabilitation of diverse disease states,
including obesity.
We are gratified with the small part we have played in
the education of more than 350,000 undergraduate and graduate
students who have used this text since the publication of
the first edition in 1981. A source of great pride for us is that
some of the first students enrolled in our own classes that
used this text have gone on to earn advanced degrees in the
same or similar fields. This tradition of textbook adoption has
now been passed down to their students, many of whom comprise
the next generation of aspiring teachers, exercise specialists,
and researchers. In fact, one of us (VK) has had the
opportunity on three different occasions to teach students
whose parents were former students. We are forever grateful
to our former teachers and mentors for igniting a spark that
has not diminished. We hope you will become as excited as
we first were (and continue to be) in the science of exercise
physiology and human performance.
ORGANIZATION
This seventh edition maintains the same seven-section structure
as previous editions, including an introductory section
about the origins of exercise physiology and a concluding
“On the Horizons” section that deals with a maturing effort in
exercise physiology to incorporate molecular biology to
human performance and the many interrelated aspects of
health and disease.
FEATURES
Many features throughout the text are included to engage the
student and facilitate learning. These include the following:
Introduction: A View of the Past. The text’s introduction,
“Exercise Physiology: Roots and Historical Perspectives,” reflects
our interest and respect for the earliest underpinnings of
the field, and the direct and indirect contributions of the men
and women physicians/scientists who contributed to the field.
In a Practical Sense. This element in every chapter highlights
practical applications that include:
• Lowering high blood pressure with dietary
intervention: the DASH diet
• Leveraging nutrition to prevent chronic athletic fatigue
• Predicting V·O2max during pregnancy from
submaximal exercise heart rate and oxygen
consumption
• Predicting energy expenditure during treadmill
walking and running
• Determining anaerobic power and capacity: the
Wingate cycle ergometer test
• Predicting pulmonary function variables in males and
females
• Measuring lactate threshold
• Blood pressure measurement, classifications, and
recommended follow-up
• Placing electrodes of bipolar and 12-lead ECG
recordings
• Diabetes, hypoglycemia, and exercise
• Protecting the lower back
• Assessing heat quality of the environment: how hot is
too hot?
Focus on Research. Each chapter’s Focus on Research features
a key research article from a renowned scientist. These
well-designed studies illustrate how “theory comes to life”
through research.
Integrative Questions. Another element in each chapter,
“Integrative Questions,” poses open-ended questions to
encourage students to consider complex concepts without a
single “correct” answer.
Expanded Art Program. The full-color art program continues
to be an important feature of the textbook. New figures
have been added to enhance the new and updated content.
Up-Close and Personal Interviews. The text features nine
contemporary scientists whose important research contributions
and visionary leadership continue the tradition of the
scientists of prior generations—Steven Blair, Frank Booth,
Claude Bouchard, David Costill, Barbara Drinkwater, John
Holloszy, Loring Rowell, Bengt Saltin, and Charles Tipton.
These individuals clearly merit recognition, not only for expanding
knowledge through their many scientific contributions,
but also for elucidating mechanisms that underlie
responses and adaptations to exercise and health enhancement.
Each person has been placed within a section linked
to his or her main scholarship interests, yet all of them span
one or more sections in terms of scientific contributions.
Appendix E, which is available online at http://thepoint.lww.
com/mkk7e, lists individual honors and awards for each of
these distinguished and meritorious scientist–researchers. The
intimate insights from the “superstars” should inspire current
exercise physiology students to actualize their potential,
whether through accomplishments in graduate school, teaching,
research, or numerous other exciting opportunities to
achieve excellence.
References and Appendices Available Online. All references
and appendices are available online at http://thepoint.
lww.com/mkk7e. Appendices feature valuable information
about nutritive values, energy expenditures, metabolic computations
in open-circuit spirometry, and more.
NEW TO THE SEVENTH EDITION
The flow of information in this edition remains similar to prior
editions. Where applicable, figures, tables, and Web sites have
been updated and/or expanded to include the most relevant
current information, including new tabular material and illustrations
to clarify important concepts and information.
Significant Additions and Modifications to the Text
• Section 1 summarizes the current (2009) energy, nutrient,
and fluid recommendations from the American
Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the
American College of Sports Medicine for active
adults and competitive athletes. It also provides an
expanded discussion of the efficacy and health benefits
of routinely consuming vitamin and mineral supplements
versus obtaining these micronutrients in the
foods of a well-balanced diet.
• In Section 2, we have included the latest information
regarding the energy yield from the catabolism of the
different macronutrients and we have rewritten several
of the sections to increase clarity and specificity.
• We have expanded our discussion of the increasing
incidence of hypertension with age in Section 3,
along with lifestyle choices to lower blood pressure.
• In Section 4, we present a research-based alternative
method to estimate maximal heart rate from chronological
age for adults. Additionally, we present the
latest information regarding sling exercise training as
a means of muscle activation and overload that is
gaining in popularity based on new research about
how muscles are activated and contribute to improved
movement. We have also expanded our review of the
effects of carbohydrate–protein supplement timing
and resistance training on muscle fiber hypertrophy,
muscular strength, and body composition.
• Section 5 includes a discussion of the “secret” First
Lady Astronaut Trainees (FLATS) program intended
to include highly experienced female aviators for
future space missions, and how that program was
unceremoniously scuttled because of bureaucratic
cronyism at the highest levels of the early space
agency. Also included is an explanation of the longterm
United States human and robotic program to
explore the solar system, starting with a return to the
moon to ultimately enable future exploration of Mars
and other destinations, including the new manned
exploration, the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV).
• Section 6 presents the 2009 summary statement of
the American College of Sports Medicine as to the
appropriate physical activity intervention strategies
for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for
adults. Also included is a discussion of an apparent
anomaly in body proportions in champion swimmer
Michael Phelps, winner of 8 gold medals in the 2008
Beijing Olympics, related to his use of a controversial
swim suit and swimming speed. This section also analyzes
body size (BMI) differences among 1124
Division 1 Big Ten Collegiate offensive and defensive
linemen and their teams related to team standings in
league play. We provide the first presentation on the
height and weight, and BMI of professional male tour
Professional golfers (n = 33) and Champions Tour
players (n = 18) compared to 257 golfers, stratified
by proficiency levels based on handicap index, and
300,818 Swedish golfers (203,778 men and 97,040
women) with stratification for age, sex, and socioeconomic
status. We also include the latest information
about brown adipose tissue in humans, and its role in
metabolism and link to health and disease.
• Section 7 presents an updated section on coronary
heart disease. Our final chapter discusses the new
molecular exercise physiology program at the
University of Aberdeen in Scotland, where the MSc
program, including Diploma and Certificate programs,
offers courses in a new subfield in sports science
that focuses on genetics and signal transduction
related to exercise. Current statistics reveal the impact
of molecular biology-related research on different
fields of science. For example, searching on the terms
muscle and genes increased from 502 in 2001 to over
58,000 at the start of 2009! We also highlight
Darwin’s monumental contributions in evolutionary
theory. A new feature of this final chapter links to the
LWW website and includes (1) readings related to
molecular biology and genetics, twins, and human
performance; (2) reference to excellent texts that devote
hundreds of pages to the intricacies of the molecular
biology of gene transcription and protein
synthesis; (3) articles from Scientific American that
concern molecular biology; (4) useful molecular
biology Internet sites; (5) microscope technologies
germane to molecular biology (light microscope,
fluorescence microscope, electron microscope, and
positron emission tomography or PET); (6) reprint of
Watson and Crick’s one-page classic paper in Nature
about their deduction of DNA’s structure, which
nearly six decades later unraveled the pieces to the
primordial jigsaw puzzle of the Human Genome
Project; and (7) a timeline of events about genetics
before Mendel, followed by notable events in genetics
and molecular biology to 2005.
Our current reference list includes the latest research
gleaned from national and international journals related to
specific topic areas. We hope you profit from and enjoy this
continuation of our journey through the ever-expanding and
relevant field of exercise physiology.
ANCILLARIES: THE TOTAL
TEACHING PACKAGE
Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance,
Seventh Edition, includes additional resources for
both instructors and students that are available on the book’s
companion website at http://thepoint.lww.com/mkk7e.
Instructors and students will have access to animations
illustrating the most important concepts in human physiology.
Both instructors and students will also be able to access the
searchable Full Text Online.
Instructors
Approved adopting instructors will be given access to the following
additional resources:
• Brownstone test generator
• PowerPoint presentations: one set with lecture outlines;
one set with images only
• Image bank
• WebCT, Blackboard, and Angel-Ready Cartridge
Students
Students who have purchased Exercise Physiology: Nutrition,
Energy, and Human Performance, Seventh Edition, have
access to the following additional resources:
• Online quiz bank with study and test options
• Animations
• References
• Appendices
• Featured information on microscope technologies,
notable events in genetics, Nobel prizes, and outstanding
female scientists.
Ancillaries were prepared by the authors as well as by Jeff
Woods (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) and
Lamia Scherzinger (Indiana University–Purdue University
Indianapolis).